PHARMACODYNAMICS

Central Nervous System (CNS)

- Brain (processes information)

- Spinal cord (conducts information thru body)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.

Think: eyes being the medium in which your brain can process the information

AUTOnomic

Involuntary movements

Ex: think of how the heart muscle pumps blood without prompting

Somatic

Voluntary movement

Ex: How your bones move in your body

enteric nervous system

The nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls secretion and motility within the Gi tract.

sympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

"Fight or flight"

Parasympathetic

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving1 its energy

"Rest and digest"

Signs of sympathetic stimulation include

- increased HR

- bronchodilation (making it easier to breathe by relaxing the lung muscles)

- Dilated pupils

- inhibits digestion

- glucose released

- inhibits peristalsis

- Adrenalin production

- relaxed bladder

Think: your body is making it easy to get away in a hurry if needed.

Sings of Parasympathetic stimulation include

- constriction of pupils

- decreased HR

- bronchoconstriction

- simulates stomach digestion

- bile releases

- stimulates peristalsis

- constricts bladder

Purpose of vasodilators

Affect the sympathetic synapses to force them into a parasympathetic response.

Essentially: chilling out ur body system and putting it into a more relaxed state

adrenergic a1 receptors

Constrict the vasculature, smooth muscle, and heart.

(Vasoconstriction)

Adrenergic a2 receptors

Sedate, help with pain relief, vasodilator, inhibit insulin

Within the CNS and pancreas

Adrenergic B1 receptors

Increases heart rate and contractility within the cardiac muscle, sinus note, and AV junction.

Aka: force your heart to pump harder and faster.

THINK: heart

Adrenergic B2 receptors

Vasodilator, bronchodilator, hepatic glycogenolysis within the muscles, liver, skeletal vascular, and cell membranes

THINK: LUNGS

Dopamine receptors

Vasodilation / (at higher doses) vasoconstriction.

Within kidneys, heart, organs, and cerebral vasxulature

Vasopressin receptors

Vasoconstriction within the vascular smooth muscle

Positive inotrope

Increase cardiac output by making heart squeeze harder

When to use a positive inotrope medication

- cardiogenic shock

- CHF,

- Post MI

Examples of positive inotrope meds

- Digoxin

- Epinephrine

- Milrinone

Negative inotrope

Decreases cardiac workload

When to use negative inotrope

- HTN

- Arrhythmias

- Angina (heart pain)

Examples of negative inotrope meds

- Metoprolol

- Acetylcholine