Chemistry - Reactions

Synthesis, Decomposition, Single + Double displacement, Elements, Nomenclature

Carbonate

(CO3) -2

Hydroxide

(OH) -1

Nitrate

(NO3) -1

Phosphate 

(PO4) -3

Sulfate

(SO4) -2

-ate

Base

-ite

-1 oxygen

Hypo- -ite

-2 oxygens

Per- -ate

+2 oxygens

Mono

1

Di

2

Tri

3

Tetra

4

Penta

5

Hexa

6

Hepta

7

Octa

8

Nona

9

Deca

10

Number Prefixes used when

Molecular Compound

Hydrated Salts

Ionic compounds with water molecules in the structure

MgSO4 - 7H2O

Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate

Acids start with ___ in formula

H

Bases have ___ in formula

OH

Binary Acid

Acids w/out oxygen, Prefix ‘hydro’, Subfix ‘ic’

Oxyacids

Acids w/ Oxygen
Subfixes: ‘ic‘ acid when compound ends with ‘ate’
‘ous’ acid when compound ends with ‘ite’

Sub and Prefixes for Oxyacids

Per- ate = per- -ic acid

ate - ic acid

ite - -ous acid 

hypo - ite - hypo - ous acid 

Synthesis General Formula

A+B = AB

Metallic Oxides + CO2

Produces Carbonates (containing co3)

Binary Salts of Chlorine + Oxygen

React to produce Chlorate

Oxides + H2O

A) Non metal oxide + H2O = Acid

B) Metal oxide + H2O = Base 

Decomposition (Binary Compound)

AB = A + B

Carbonates (dec)

Break down into a metal oxide and CO2

Chlorates

Break down into a binary salt + oxygen

Metal and Non metal Oxides

Breaks down into the Oxide of the metal/non metal PLUS water 

Single Displacement General Formula 

A + BC → AC + B

Double Displacement General Formula 

AB + CD → AD + CB

Metallic Oxide + CO2 → 

Compound with CO3

Binary Salt of Chlorine + O2 →

Compound with ClO3

Non-metal oxide + H2O →

Acid

Metal Oxide + H2O →

Base

Compounds with CO3 →

CO2 + Metal Oxide

Compounds with ClO3 →

Binary Salt + O2

Acid →

Non-metal oxide + H2O

Base →

Metal Oxide + H2O

Displace H from acids

On the left of H on the scale

Metals + H2O

Double Displacement must produce

A gas, precipitate or water

How to find out if a compound is soluable?

Soluability Table

When Carbonates + Sulfites react with Acids…

A gas + H2O is formed

When Ammonium reacts with a base

H2o and a gas is formed

Neutralization (definition)

When an acid and a base are reactants

Neutralization products

Salt + Water

1 (Combustion) 

methane 

2 (combustion)

ethane 

3 (combust.)

propane

4 (combust)

butane

Saturated Hydrocarbons formula

C(N)H(2N+2)

Complete Combustion Reactants

Hydrocarbon + o2

Complete combustion products

CO2 + H2O

Incomplete combustion products

Soot(Carbon), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide +water