Cellular Respiration Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for cellular respiration exam review, based on lecture notes.

Glycolysis

The first stage of aerobic cellular respiration, occurs in the cytosol.

Pyruvate Oxidation

The second stage of aerobic cellular respiration; occurs in the mitochondria.

Citric Acid Cycle

The third stage of aerobic cellular respiration; occurs in the mitochondria.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The fourth stage of aerobic cellular respiration; occurs in the mitochondria.

Fermentation

An alternative pathway used when O2 is not readily available, allows glycolysis to continue.

Mitochondria

Location of oxidative phosphorylation.

Hyperoxia

High blood oxygen levels.

Hypoxia

Low blood oxygen levels.

NADH

Molecule that donates electrons to complex I.

FADH2

Molecule that donates electrons to complex II.

Coenzyme QH2

Transports electrons to complex III.

Cytochrome C3+

Accepts electrons from complex III and transfers them to complex IV.

Oxygen (O2)

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, forming water.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The overall process of coupling the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis to make ATP.

ATP Synthase

Uses the electrochemical gradient to make ATP.

Intermembrane Space

The location where H+ ions are pumped into during the electron transport chain.

Matrix

The location where ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase.

Complex IV

The enzyme inhibited by cyanide.

Chemiosmosis

The process where ATP synthase harnesses energy from the flow of protons.

Cellular Respiration

Describes how the cell transforms food into ATP.

Electrochemical Gradient

An area of higher concentration of protons or H+.

Complex I

Complex that can use energy to actively pump protons (H+) from the matrix into intermembrane space.

Complex II

Complex that helps pump protons indirectly.

Chemiosmosis

The movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.

Matrix

The inner compartment of the mitochondrion, enclosed by the inner mitochondrial membrane.