Family Planning and Contraception Flashcards

Flashcards about Family Planning and Contraception

What does family planning include?

Any educational, social, or healthcare interventions that allow people to plan reproduction.

What specific interventions are included in Family Planning?

Contraception, abortion, and interventions and education when subfertility or infertility is identified.

What is the main goal of contraception?

To prevent unwanted or mistimed pregnancy.

Name some major types of contraception?

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), combined oral contraceptives (COCs), progestin-only pills (POPs).

Which methods of birth control are the most effective?

Sterilization (BTL and vasectomy) and LARC (contraceptive implants and IUCs).

What is a key consideration in contraception decisions?

Evaluating family planning goals.

What determines the effectiveness of a contraceptive method?

The patient's adherence to and continued consistent use of the method.

How do COCs work to prevent pregnancy?

Increasing viscosity of cervical mucus, suppressing ovulation, and thinning the uterine lining.

What are some contraindications for birth control containing estrogen?

Migraine with aura, history of blood clots, and hypertension.

What do Progestin-only pills (POPs) contain?

They only contain progestin

When are POPs usually prescribed?

Migraine with aura and hypertension.

How often must POPs be taken to be effective?

Within a 3-hour window every day.

What is the primary side effect of POPs?

Less regular period and more breakthrough bleeding.

If pregnancy occurs with POPs, what is the likelihood it is?

More likely to be ectopic.

What are contraceptive rings made of?

Flexible silicone rings, impregnated with estrogen and progestin

How long is the ring left inside the vagina?

3 weeks

Where should a contraceptive patch be applied?

Upper back, upper arm, upper buttock, or lower abdomen, not on the breast.

Why should the contraceptive patch site be rotated weekly?

To avoid skin irritation

What forms does emergency contraception come in?

Medication or a hormonal or copper IUC.

What are the two primary options for emergency contraception in the United States?

Levonorgestrel (Plan B) and Ulipristal (Ella)

How does Levonorgestrel (Plan B) work?

By preventing ovulation.

How does Ulipristal (Ella) work?

As a progestin blocker

How often is DMPA administered?

Every 3 months

How does DMPA work?

By suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

When should a female ideally start DMPA?

Within 7 days of the start of her last menstrual cycle.

What is a common concern with DMPA?

Weight Gain.

Describe the contraceptive implant.

A 4-cm rod of nonestrogen etonogestrel is inserted under the skin of the inner upper arm.

How does the contraceptive implant work?

Changes to cervical mucus and fallopian tube motility, and suppresses follicle maturation and ovulation.

What is a common side effect of the contraceptive implant?

Unscheduled bleeding.

What are IUCs (or IUDs) made of?

T-shaped plastic devices wrapped in copper or containing progestin

How does the copper IUC inhibit fertilization?

By inhibiting sperm motility, capacitation, survival, and phagocytosis.

What is the main side effect of IUCs?

Change in bleeding patterns

What may the Copper IUC result in?

Longer, crampier, and heavier bleeding

What may the progestin IUC cause?

Spotting, unscheduled bleeding, and amenorrhea.

How effective are male condoms as contraceptives?

Generally less effective but the best protection against STIs (other than abstinence).

When should a condom be applied

Before genital contact.

What reasons do patients cite for abortion?

Inability to afford care for a child, not wanting to be a single parent, or problems with the partner.

What does a common regimen for a medical abortion include?

200 mg of mifepristone followed by 800 mcg of misoprostol 6 hours later.

What is a Surgical abortion typically done by?

Uterine aspiration, also called dilation and curettage.

How is Infertility defined?

Lack of pregnancy after 12 months of well-timed intercourse (6 months if the patient is over 35 years old).