Chemfinal_pH_enzyme

pH saliva?

5.8 - 7.1

pH blood?

7.4

pH pancrease?

7.5 - 8.8

pH small intestine?

8.5

pH large intestine?

5.0 - 7.0

pH urine?

4.6 - 8.0

pH stomach?

1.6 - 1.8

what enzyme is used to diagnose a heart attack?

CPK - creatine phosphokinase , CK

what enzyme is used to diagnose both liver or bone diseases?

alkaline phosphatase

what enzyme is used to diagnose prostate cancer?

acid phosphatase

what enzyme is used to diagnose pancreas cancer?

amylase and lipase

what enzyme is used to diagnose liver? (hepatitis - inflamation of the liver, cirrhosis - a severe scarring of the liver)

AST, ALT, GGT, LDH

what enzyme is used to diagnose lymphoma? (ung thu trong he thong bach huyet - he thong dc cau tao tu cac te bao lympho)

LDH

what enzyme is used to diagnose muscular dystrophy cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass, myocardial infarction - heart attack?

CK

What are some medical imaging technique without using radioactivity?

X rays, CT scan, MRI

What is the definition of an enzyme?

they are protein that serve as biological catalyst for reaction in all living organism

What is a cofactor?

not a protein

what are the two categories of a cofactor?

in cofactor, there are metals and coenzyme (organic compound)

what are the function of a cofactor?

• Support and start the enzyme’s activity

• Carries for an atom or group of atom to enable reaction to take place

What are the three steps of enzyme catalysis?

• The enzyme binds to the substrates

• The enzyme converts the substrates into product by breaking the bond or form

• The enzyme release the product

Explain the induced-fit model and lock key model?

• Induced-fit model: The active site of an enzyme can change its shape to match the substrates. However, their shapes must still be reasonably similar. Once the active site bound, it has a different shape from the unbound

• Lock key model: The active site of the enzyme is rigid, so the substrates must match the shape of the active site

what is an inhibitor of the enzyme?

It is a molecule that slow down the activity of an enzyme

How many types of inhibitors are there? what are they?

Two types

• A reversible inhibitor: they bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme but then enzyme activity is restored when the enzyme is released

• A irreversible inhibitor: permanently destroy enzyme’s activity

How many types of reversible inhibitor? what are they?

Two type

• A noncompetitive inhibitor: bind to the enzyme cause it to change the shape of the active site. When the inhibitor is no longer bind to the enzyme, the activity is resume

• A competitive inhibitor: bind to the active site of the enzyme, so it competes with the substates