FBIM - Definitions

outperform, wasting

If you make wise choices investing in information systems, your firm will ___ competitors. If you make poor choices, you will be ___ valuable capital.

Psychologists

___ study information systems with an interest in how human decision makers perceive and use formal information.

just-in-time

Supply chains have become more fast-paced, with companies of all sizes depending on ___ inventory to reduce their overhead costs and get to the market faster.

transforming

It's not business as usual in the global economy anymore. Information systems and technologies are ___ the global business environment.

Information technology

___ consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives.

intranets

Internal corporate networks based on internet technology are called ___.

Sociologists

___ study information systems with an eye toward how groups and organizations shape the development of systems and also how systems affect individuals, groups and organizations.

Processing

___ converts this raw input (i.e. data) into a meaningful form (i.e. information).

Space shifting

___ means that work takes place in a global workshop as well as within national boundaries.

data-driven

To increase revenue, Leicester City embraced the ___ and statistical approach to the whole business of football across the full range of activities, including ticketing, merchandising, and communication of its football matches via websites and mobile apps.

Knowledge

___ workers, such as engineers, scientists, or architects, design products or services and create new knowledge for the firm.

Business processes

___ refers to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results and the unique manner in which these activities are organized and coordinated.

business models

Changes in technology and new innovative ___ have transformed social life and business practices.

phones and tablets

In developing and emerging countries, ___ are the primary means of access to the Internet.

E-commerce

___ is changing how forms design, produce and deliver their products and services.

interdependence

There is a growing ___ between a firm's ability to use information technology and its ability to implement corporate strategies and achieve corporate goals.

business model

A ___ describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.

Computer hardware

___ is the physical equipment used for input, processing, and output activities in an information system.

information

By ___ we mean data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings.

disrupting

Netflix has moved into premium TV show production, challenging cable and broadcast producers of TV shows, and potentially ___ cable network dominance of TV show production.

webinars

Smartphones, social networking, texting, e-mailing and ___ have all become essential tools of business because that's where your customers, suppliers, and colleagues can be found.

Data

___ are streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.

offshore

The challenge for your business is to avoid markets for goods and services that can be produced ___ much less expensive.

Middle

___ management carries out the programs and plans of senior management.

Operational

___ management is responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business.

Complementary

___ assets are those assets required to derive value from a primary investment.

collaborating

Business firms now put less emphasis on hierarchy and structure and more emphasis on employees taking on multiple roles and tasks and ___ with others on a team.

mobile

Half of internet sales are from ___ devices.

Input

___ captures or collects raw data from within the organization or from its external environment.

Data

___ workers, such as secretaries or clerks, assist with scheduling and communications at all levels of the firm.

platform

The IT infrastructure provides the foundation, or ___, on which the firm can build its specific information systems.

real-time

In the past decade, information systems and technologies have made it possible for managers to use ___ data from the marketplace when making decisions.

feedback

Information systems also require ___, which is output that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage.

information technology

Businesses are using ___ to sense and respond to rapidly changing customer demand, reduce inventories to the lowest possible levels, and achieve higher levels of operational efficiency.

Senior

___ management makes long-range strategic decisions about products and services as well as ensures financial performance of the firm.

digital firm

A ___ is one in which nearly all of the organisations significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and mediated. Core business processes are accomplished through digital networks spanning the entire organization or linking multiple organizations.

information

Premier League football is also a business in which what matters above all is winning, and any way of using ___ to improve player performance is a competitive edge.

Production

___ workers actually produce the product and deliver the service.

Computer software

___ consists of the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.

information system

An ___ can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.

outsourced

The challenge for you as a business student is to develop high-level skills through education and on-the-job experience that cannot be ___.

people

Computer hardware and software, data management technology, networking and telecommunications technology, and the world wide web, along with the ___ required to run and manage them, represent resources that can be shared throughout the organization and constitute the firm's information technology infrastructure.

Output

___ transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.

behavior

Information technology investments alone cannot make organizations and managers more effective unless they are accompanied by supportive values, structures, and ___ patterns in the organization and other complementary assets.

culture

Each organization has a unique ___, or fundamental set of assumptions, values and ways of doing things, that has been accepted by most of its members.

Internet

A growing trickle of viewers are unplugging from cable and using only the ___ for entertainment.

Time shifting

"___ refers to business being conducted continuously, 24/7 rather than the narrow ""work day"" time bands fo 9AM to 5 PM."

extranets

Private intranets extended to authorized users outside the organization are called ___, and firms use such networks to coordinate their activities with other firms for making purchases, collaborating on design, and other interorganizational work.

intimacy

"Business firms invest heavily in information systems to achieve six strategic business objectives: operational excellence; new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier ___; improved decision making; competitive advantage; and survival. "

Systems analyst

A ___ constitutes the principal liaisons between the information systems groups and the rest of the organization. It is the ___'s job to translate business problems and requirements into information requirements and systems.

Crowdsourcing

___ harnesses collective knowledge to generate new ideas and solutions.

wiki

A ___ is a type of website that makes it easy for users to contribute and edit text content and graphics without any knowledge of web page development or programming techniques. The most well-known ___ is Wikipedia, the largest collaboratively edited reference project in the world.

Chief Privacy Officer

The ___ is responsible for ensuring that the company complies with existing data privacy laws.

Management Information Systems

___: Among Business Intelligence systems, ___ summarize and report on the company's basic operations using data supplied by transaction processing systems. ___ typically provide answers to routine questions that have been specified in advance and have a predefined procedure for answering them.

Programmers

___ are highly trained technical specialists who write the software instructions for computers.

Command and control

___ firms required lower-level employees to carry out orders without asking too many questions, with no responsibility to improve processes, and with no rewards for teamwork or team performance.

Decision-support systems

___: Among Business Intelligence Systems, ___ focus on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, for which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance. Although ___ use internal information from transaction-processing systems and management information systems, they often bring in information from external sources, such as current stock prices or product prices of competitors.

functions

A typical business organization has systems supporting processes for each of the major business ___ — sales and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and human resources.

flow

Information technology can actually change the ___ of information, making it possible for many more people to access and share information, replacing sequential steps with tasks that can be performed simultaneously, and eliminating delays in decision making.

Social business

___ is the use of social networking platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, and internal corporate social tools to engage their employees, customers, and suppliers.

Customer-Relationship-Management

"___: Firms use ___ systems to help manage their relationships with their customers. ___ systems provide information to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers in sales, marketing, and service to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention. This information helps firms identify, attract, and retain the most profitable customers; provide better service to existing customers; and increase sales."

Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)

The ___ is responsible for the firm's knowledge management program.

Knowledge management systems

Some firms perform better than others because they have better knowledge about how to create, produce, and deliver products and services. This firm knowledge is unique, is difficult to imitate, and can be leveraged into long-term strategic benefits. ___ enable organizations to better manage processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise. These systems collect all relevant knowledge and experience in the firm and make it available wherever and whenever it is needed to improve business processes and management decisions. They also link the firm to external sources of knowledge.

supply chain management

Firms use ___ systems to help manage relationships with their suppliers. These systems help suppliers, purchasing firms, distributors, and logistics companies share information about orders, production, inventory levels, and delivery of products and services so they can source, produce, and deliver goods and services efficiently. The ultimate objective is to get the right amount of their products from their source to their point of consumption in the least amount of time and at the lowest cost. These systems increase firm profitability by lowering the costs of moving and making products and by enabling managers to make better decisions about how to organize and schedule sourcing, production, and distribution.

Information systems managers

___ are leaders of teams of programmers and analysts, project managers, physical facility managers, telecommunications managers, or database specialists. They are also managers of computer operations and data entry staff. Also, external specialists, such as hardware vendors and manufacturers, software firms, and consultants, frequently participate in the day-to-day operations and long-term planning of information systems.

competitive

To a large extent, the performance of a business firm depends on how well its business processes are designed and coordinated. A company's business processes can be a source of ___ strength if they enable the company to innovate or to execute better than its rivals.

transaction processing

A ___ system is a computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business, such as sales order entry, hotel reservations, payroll, employee record keeping, and shipping.

Chief Security Officer (CSO)

The ___ is in charge of information systems security for the firm and is responsible for enforcing the firm's information security policy.

Yammer

Microsoft ___ is an enterprise social networking platform for internal business uses, although it can also create external networks linking to suppliers, customers, and others outside the organization. ___ enables employees to create groups to collaborate on projects and share and edit documents, and includes a news feed to find out what's happening within the company. A People Directory provides a searchable database of contact information, skills, and expertise.

enterprise resource planning

Enterprise Systems Firms use enterprise systems, also known as ___ systems, to integrate business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system. Information that was previously fragmented in many different systems is stored in a single comprehensive data repository where it can be used by many different parts of the business.

Electronic commerce

___ is the part of e-business that deals with the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It also encompasses activities supporting those market transactions, such as advertising, marketing, customer support, security, delivery, and payment.

pods

Even in factories, workers today often work in production groups, or ___.

Chief Information Officer (CIO)

The ___ is a senior manager who oversees the use of information technology in the firm.

knowledge

Mentoring, wikis, blogs, and videos are all part of the overall ___ management process.

governance

IT ___ includes the strategy and policies for using information technology within an organization. It specifies the decision rights and framework for accountability to ensure that the use of information technology supports the organization's strategies and objectives. How much should the information systems function be centralized? What decisions must be made to ensure effective management and use of information technology, including the return on IT investments? Who should make these decisions? How will these decisions be made and monitored? Firms with superior IT ___ will have clearly thought out the answers.

Electronic business

___ refers to the use of digital technology and the Internet to execute the major business processes in the enterprise. ___ includes activities for the internal management of the firm and for coordination with suppliers and other business partners. It also includes electronic commerce, or e-commerce.

End users

___ are representatives of departments outside of the information systems group for whom applications are developed. These users are playing an increasingly large role in the design and development of information systems.

liabilities

Business processes can be ___ if they are based on inefficient ways of working that impede organizational responsiveness and efficiency.

enterprise

There are four major ___ applications: enterprise systems, supply chain management systems, customer relationship management systems, and knowledge management systems. Each of these ___ applications integrates a related set of functions and business processes to enhance the performance of the organization as a whole.

Executive support systems

Among Business Intelligence Systems, ___ help senior management make these decisions. They address non-routine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight because there is no agreed-on procedure for arriving at a solution.

E-government

___ refers to the application of the Internet and networking technologies to digitally enable government and public sector agencies' relationships with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.

Business

___ processes refer to the manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable product or service. ___ processes are the collection of activities required to produce a product or service. These activities are supported by flows of material, information, and knowledge among the participants in ___ processes. ___ processes also refer to the unique ways in which organizations coordinate work, information, and knowledge, and the ways in which management chooses to coordinate work.

intelligence

Business ___ is a contemporary term for data and software tools for organizing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help managers and other enterprise users make more informed decisions.

Chief Data Officer (CDO)

The ___ is responsible for enterprise-wide governance and utilization of information to maximize the value the organization can realize from its data.

dashboard

A digital ___ displays on a single screen graphs and charts of key performance indicators for managing a company.

owns, controls, access, update, decisions

Technological change requires changes in who ___ and ___ information, who has the right to ___ and ___ that information, and who makes ___ about whom, when, and how.

resistance

Any technological change that threatens commonly held cultural assumptions usually meets a great deal of ___.

mass customization

The ability to offer individually tailored products or services using the same production resources as mass production is called ___.

best practices

Industry ___ are usually identified by consulting companies, re-search organizations, government agencies, and industry associations as the most successful solutions or problemsolving methods for consistently and effectively achieving a business objective.

fast followers

The MITS Altair 8800 is widely regarded as the first PC, but its inventors did not take advantage of their first mover status. Second movers, so-called "___," such as IBM and Microsoft, reaped the re-wards.

span of control

Advances in information technology have broadened the management ___, enabling high-level managers to manage and control more workers spread over greater distances.

primary

In Porter's business value chain model, ___ activities are most directly related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services, which create value for the customer. Primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing, and service.

organization's structure, business processes, politics, culture, surrounding environment, management decisions

The interaction between information technology and organizations is complex and is influenced by many mediating factors, including the ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, and ___.

competitive advantage

Firms that "do better" than others are said to have a ___ over others: They either have access to special resources that others do not, or they are able to use commonly available resources more efficiently—usually because of superior knowledge and information assets.

platforms

Business ecosystems typically have one or only a few keystone firms that dominate the ecosystem and create the ___ used by other niche firms. For instance, both Microsoft and Facebook provide ___ composed of information systems, technologies, and services that thousands of other firms in different industries use to enhance their own capabilities (Van Alstyne et. al, 2016).

culture

Organizational ___ encompasses this set of assumptions about what products the organization should produce, how it should produce them, where, and for whom.

scanning

Information systems are key instruments for environmental ___, helping managers identify external changes that might require an organizational response.

transaction

Traditionally, firms have tried to reduce ___ costs through vertical integration, by getting bigger, hiring more employees, and buying their own suppliers and distributors, as both General Motors and Ford used to do.

core competency

A ___ is an activity for which a firm is a world-class leader.

eliminated

Many companies have ___ thousands of middle managers as a result of these changes due to the increased management span of control that finds its origin in IT.