chapter 4

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18 Terms

1
Breastfeeding
Provides improved nutrition, enhances immunity, and supports growth and weight gain in infants.
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2
Neurogenesis
The process through which new neurons are formed in the brain, primarily during prenatal development.
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3
Synaptogenesis
The formation of synapses between neurons that allows communication across the nervous system.
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4
Myelination
The process of forming a myelin sheath around nerve fibers to boost the speed of electrical communication between neurons.
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5
Experience-Dependent Brain Development
Adaptive changes in the brain based on individual experiences, influenced by personal interactions and encounters.
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6
Experience-Expectant Brain Development
Development that occurs at specific stages in response to expected universal experiences common to all humans.
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7
Habituation
Reduced response to repeated stimuli.
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8
Dishabituation
Renewed response to novel stimuli.
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9
Rooting Reflex
An instinctual behavior in newborns that helps them find food by turning their head towards a touched cheek.
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10
Sucking Reflex
An instinctual behavior that allows infants to suck on objects and draw milk from a breast or bottle.
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11
Moro Reflex
A startle reflex occurring when an infant feels a sudden loss of support or hears a loud noise.
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12
Visual Preference Technique
A method that assesses infants' stimulus preferences based on their looking time at different stimuli.
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13
SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)
A condition associated with increased risk factors such as stomach sleeping, exposure to smoke, and soft bedding.
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14
Thomas & Chess Temperament Model
Categorizes children into three primary temperament styles: Easy, Difficult, and Slow to Warm Up.
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15
Rothbart's Temperament Model
Describes temperament in three dimensions: Surgency, Negative Affect, and Self-Regulation.
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16
Phonemes
Distinct sounds that newborns are sensitive to, aiding them in language acquisition.
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17
Visual Acuity
The sharpness or clarity of vision, which improves considerably during an infant's first year.
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18
High-contrast patterns
Visual stimuli that infants prefer, particularly during early months of life.
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