🧪manipulating genomes🧪

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27 Terms

1
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what does dna sequencing determine?

precise dna nucleotide base sequence in a length of dna

2
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what is dna profiling?

identifying unique areas of a persons dna to create an individual profile to them

3
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what do non coding regions of dna contain?

variable number tandem repeats

4
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what does somatic gene therapy affect, and does it pass onto offspring?

alters body cells and not passed on

5
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what does germ line gene therapy affect, and does it pass onto offspring?

affects sex cells and is passed on

6
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how have sequencing methods changed over time?

become automated, entire genomes can now be read

7
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what benefits are there of genome wide comparison?

can tailor medicines to individuals, can determine evolutionary relationships

8
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what uses are there of dna profiling?

forensics and medical screening

9
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how to amplify dna?

PCR

10
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what is PCR reaction mixture?

dna fragment, primers, free nucleotides, dna polymerase

11
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what is gene therapy?

replacing a faulty allele with a normal allele

12
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is germ line or somatic therapy permanent?

germ line

13
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what is bioinformatics?

use of computer software to analyse biological data

14
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what are the 3 stages of temperature in PCR?

heat to 95 degrees to break H bonds

cool to 55 to 65 degrees to bind primers

heat to 72 degrees so DNA polymerase can create new DNA strands

15
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changes resulting from gene therapy cannot be passed onto offspring, true or false?

false

16
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what is added to 4 separate tubes in dna sequencing?

single stranded dna, dna polymerase, dna primer, free nucleotides, fluorescently labelled nucleotide

17
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what happens to tubes in chain termination sequencing?

undergo pcr, produce many lengths of dna

18
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what is last stage of dna sequencing?

electrophoresis

19
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define dna sequencing.

working out dna base sequence

20
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what could cause errors in PCR?

temperature damage

not enough primer

21
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how would you describe taq polymerase?

thermostable so doesn’t stop pcr cycle to be renewed

22
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what bond is made by a ligase enzyme?

phosphodiester

23
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what bond is broken in the hottest PCR phase?

H

24
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state uses of dna profiling

identifying genetic disorder’s

crime

paternity

25
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what therapy can target specific tissues in need of treatment?

somatic

26
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what is used to synthesise DNA?

taq dna polymerase

27
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what is said about the genome?

in most poeple the genome is very similar