🧪manipulating genomes🧪

what does dna sequencing determine?

precise dna nucleotide base sequence in a length of dna

what is dna profiling?

identifying unique areas of a persons dna to create an individual profile to them

what do non coding regions of dna contain?

variable number tandem repeats

what does somatic gene therapy affect, and does it pass onto offspring?

alters body cells and not passed on

what does germ line gene therapy affect, and does it pass onto offspring?

affects sex cells and is passed on

how have sequencing methods changed over time?

become automated, entire genomes can now be read

what benefits are there of genome wide comparison?

can tailor medicines to individuals, can determine evolutionary relationships

what uses are there of dna profiling?

forensics and medical screening

how to amplify dna?

PCR

what is PCR reaction mixture?

dna fragment, primers, free nucleotides, dna polymerase

what is gene therapy?

replacing a faulty allele with a normal allele

is germ line or somatic therapy permanent?

germ line

what is bioinformatics?

use of computer software to analyse biological data

what are the 3 stages of temperature in PCR?

heat to 95 degrees to break H bonds

cool to 55 to 65 degrees to bind primers

heat to 72 degrees so DNA polymerase can create new DNA strands

changes resulting from gene therapy cannot be passed onto offspring, true or false?

false

what is added to 4 separate tubes in dna sequencing?

single stranded dna, dna polymerase, dna primer, free nucleotides, fluorescently labelled nucleotide

what happens to tubes in chain termination sequencing?

undergo pcr, produce many lengths of dna

what is last stage of dna sequencing?

electrophoresis

define dna sequencing.

working out dna base sequence

what could cause errors in PCR?

temperature damage

not enough primer

how would you describe taq polymerase?

thermostable so doesn’t stop pcr cycle to be renewed

what bond is made by a ligase enzyme?

phosphodiester

what bond is broken in the hottest PCR phase?

H

state uses of dna profiling

identifying genetic disorder’s

crime

paternity

what therapy can target specific tissues in need of treatment?

somatic

what is used to synthesise DNA?

taq dna polymerase

what is said about the genome?

in most poeple the genome is very similar

what enzyme binds gene and plasmid?

ligase