Psych - Motivation and Emotion

Motivation and Emotion

affect

any experience of feeling or emotion

approach-approach conflict

A situation involving a choice between two equally desirable but incompatible alternatives.

approach-avoidance conflict

A situation involving a single goal or option that has both desirable and undesirable aspects or consequences.

arousal theory

A theory of motivation emphasizing the importance of a balance in our levels of stimulation.

avoidance-avoidance conflict

A situation involving a choice between two equally objectionable alternatives.

boredom susceptibility

According to sensation-seeking theory, this quality represents a dislike of repetition, predictability and monotony

broaden-and-build theory of emotion

a positive psychology theory that suggests that positive emotions can help people build skills and resources over time

cognitive label/appraisal

A theory that cognitive evaluation (a thought) is involved in the generation of some emotions.

disinhibition

According to sensation-seeking theory, this quality represents impulsiveness, extraversion, and a hedonistic lifestyle

display rules

A socially learned standard that regulates the expression of emotion that vary by culture.

drive

A generalized state of readiness precipitating or motivating an activity or course of action, usually created by deprivation of a needed substance (e.g., food), the presence of negative stimuli (e.g., pain, cold), or the occurrence of negative events.

drive-reduction theory

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need and return to homeostasis.

emotion

A complex reaction pattern, involving experiential, behavioral, and physiological elements, by which an individual attempts to deal with a personally significant matter or event.

experience seeking

According to sensation-seeking theory, this represents a need for a variety of inner experiences

external cues

related to hunger

extrinsic motivation

An external incentive to engage in a specific activity, especially motivation arising from the expectation of punishment or reward.

facial feedback hypothesis

The effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.

ghrelin

Hormone involved in stimulating appetite

homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

hypothalamus

structure in the limbic system that regulates many drive-related behaviors, including hunger

incentive theory

The theory that an external stimulus, such as a condition or an object, that enhances or serves as a motive for behavior.

instinct

A complex, innate behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species.

intrinsic motivation

An incentive to engage in a specific activity that derives from pleasure in the activity itself rather than because of any external benefits that might be obtained.

leptin

A protein, manufactured and secreted by fat cells, that may communicate to the brain the amount of body fat stored and may help to regulate food intake.

Lewin's motivational conflicts theory

Theory that proposes that choices create conflicts one must resolve (e.g., approach-approach, approach-avoidance, and avoidance-avoidance) as the basis of motivation

motivation

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

optimal arousal

A motivational theory that an individual maintains contact with various stimuli so as to achieve and maintain a preferred level of stimulation.

pituitary gland

the master gland of the endocrine system; along with the hypothalamus, this regulates production of hormones that regulate feelings of hunger and satiety

satiety

the state of being fully satistfied to or beyond capacity; for example, when hunger or thirst has been fully satisfied

self-actualization

The complete realization of that of which one is capable, involving maximum development of abilities and full involvement in and appreciation for life.

self-determination theory

A theory that proposes that people are motivated by intrinsic (internal) or extrinsic (external) motivations.

sensation-seeking theory

A theory that proposes that one's level of need for varied or novel experiences is the basis of motivation; includes sensation-seeking types such as experience seeking, thrill or adventure seeking, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility

thrill or adventure seeking

According to sensation-seeking theory, a desire to engage in unusual or risky physical activity

universal emotions

Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise

Yerkes-Dodson Law

The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.