Law or Judicial Process

Direction of Case reading

The caption, Case citation, The author of the opinion, the facts of the case, The law of case, concurring and dissenting opinions

Keywords

opinion

The judge explaining the Ruling in a written doc. Explains what The case is about, discusses the relevant legal principles, and then applies the law to the facts to reach a ruling in favor of one sido and against the other

Procedural history

Explains how the legal despite worked its way through the legal system to the court issuing the opinion. It includes hearings, and trials. Discusse din the fact of case section

There are two general princicples of law

Precedents (discussion of past cases,

What does J stand for?

Judge or justice and occasionally per curium is used (by the court

Caption

Tella - last names of the person who brought the lawsuit and the person who is being sued. Two sides are often Referíaa to as tha "parties" or as the "litigantes"

In criminal law

cases are brought by government prosecutors on behalf of the government itself. This means that the government is the named party

majority opinion

An opinion joined by the majority of judges on that court

Concurling opinions/ dissenting opinions

When some judges disagree and will write a Separate opinion of fending a different approach.

Concurring opinions

Explains a votes in favor of the winning sidea but based on a different legal ration ale

Dissenting opinion' Sometimes just called a "dissent"

Two basic kinds of legal disputes

Civil and criminal

Civil case

One person fules a lawsuit against another asking the court to order the other side to pay them money or to sop doing something

Damages

AN award of money

Injunction

An order to do something or to refrain from doing something

Criminal case

There is no plaintiff nor lawsuit. Plantiff is government prosecutor. The person being charges in called the defenendent

Other names for prosecutor

The state, the government, the prosecution

plaintiff- person bringing the lawsuit

Defendant; The person being sued.

Disposition

The action the court took

When court affirms

Upholding lower court's decision

Reverse Escisión

ruling for the other side

Statues written laws passed by legislativas bodies like Congress

Star decrisis

That which has been already decided Should remain Settled

Appelate opyions

whOpinions that decide the outcome of appeals

Appeal

A legal proceesding that consuders twhetehr another court’s legal decision was right or wrong

Higher court

known as the appellate or appeals court because courts can hear cases that have been appealed to the higher court.

Lower court

Known as trial court because that is where trial is held

How many judges does the supreme court have

there are nine judges

Appelant

The party that lost at the original court anc is therefore filing the appeal

Appellee

The party that won in the lower court and must defened the lower court’s deciosn

Petition

another name for appeal

Petioner

Another name for the party who lost in court and is trying to win in the higher court

Respondent

The party whi won and another name for appellee