reading quiz #13: global conflicts pt2 (7.1-5)

pgs. 542-563, unit 7 lessons 1-5 (heimler videos/ap world unit + lessons)

Sick Man of Europe

A term used to describe the declining Ottoman Empire during the early 1900s.

Tanzimat Reforms

A series of reforms in the Ottoman Empire aimed at modernization and centralization.

Russian Revolution of 1905

Protests against Tsar Nicholas II that led to limited reforms such as a constitution and labor unions.

Bolsheviks

A faction led by Vladimir Lenin that seized control of the Russian government in 1917.

Porfirio Díaz

Dictator of Mexico whose regime was overthrown during the Mexican Revolution.

M.A.I.N.

The acronym summarizing the causes of World War I: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.

Triple Alliance

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before World War I.

Zimmerman Telegram

A secret message sent by Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance, contributing to the U.S. entering World War I.

Total War

A conflict requiring the full mobilization of a country's population and resources.

New Economic Policy (NEP)

A policy introduced by Lenin allowing limited capitalism while keeping major industries under state control.

Holodomor

A man-made famine in Ukraine under Stalin that resulted in millions of deaths.

Mandate System

A system instituted by the League of Nations which classified former German and Ottoman territories according to their proximity to independence.

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

A concept promoted by Japan to establish a greater empire in East Asia during the interwar period.

Indian National Congress

An organization in India led by Mahatma Gandhi, advocating for independence through nonviolent resistance.

African National Congress

A South African political organization that played a significant role in the anti-colonial movement, influenced by Pan-Africanism.