Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

What does it mean if a cell is described as ‘prokaryotic’?

A single-celled organism (Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus)

State a key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. Eukaryotes do.

State one organism that is prokaryotic.

Bacteria

Prokaryotes have a cell wall. True or false?

True

Where does the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell exist?

Cytoplasm

What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?

Prokaryotic DNA is not bound in a membrane and can be found as circular plasmids in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic DNA is enclosed in the nucleus.

What is the name of extra small DNA rings found in some prokaryotes?

Plasmids

What is the function of flagella?

To allow the cell to swim and move around

State a difference between animal cells and bacteria.

A: No cell wall, no plasmids, have nucleus. ; B: Cell wall and plasmid, no nucleus

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

complex cells (such as animal and plant cells)

What is a nucleus?

contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cells

What is a cytoplasm?

A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions take place. Contains enzymes

What does a cell membrane?

hold the cell together and controls what comes in and out of the cell

What is the function of the mitochondria?

The mitochondria are where respiration takes place which produces energy for the cell to use.

What are Ribosomes?

where proteins are made (carries our protein synthesis)

What is a cell wall?

supports the cell and strengthens it (it is made of cellulose and can be found in animal cells)

What is a permanent vacuole?

a weak solution of sugar and salts (contains cell sap and can be found in animal cell)

What are chloroplasts?

make foods for the plant through photosynthesis, they contain a green pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs light

Where is DNA found in a bacterial cell?

In a single-circular strand that floats freely in the cytoplasm

What don’t bacteria have?

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Animal and Plant cells both have

Cell Membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

Plant cells also have

Chloroplasts, permanent vacuole and a call wall

What are mitochondria used in?

Respiration

What is the role of a nucleus?

Controls the activity of the cell, it contains DNA

What is the cytoplasm?

Where chemical reactions take place

What does the cell membrane do?

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell