Chapter 4: Basic Physics for Radiography

What is the unit used to measure the rate, or volume, or current flow in a circuit?

An ampere (amp)

What is an atom that has gained or lost an electron and is electrically charged called?

Ion

What is the distance from the crest and the trough of the wave called?

Wavelength

Electrons in the this shell have the highest energy and are the most tightly bound to the nucleus:

K-shell

This represents the number of protons in the nucleus:

Atomic number

Energy in motion is called:

Kinetic energy

What is the unit used to measure resistance?

Ohm

What is the process of a neutral atom gaining or losing an electron and becoming an ion called?

Ionization

What is the combined number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom called?

Mass number

A substance made up of only one type of atom is called:

An element

The central part of the atom, containing protons and neutrons. This makes up the majority of the atom's mass.

Nucleus

The number of times per second that a crest passes a given point is called its:

Frequency

Energy released by radionuclides is called:

Nuclear energy

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus at various energy levels or shells are called:

Electrons

Any property of the circuit that opposes or hinders the flow of current is:

Resistance

Neutral particles located in the nucleus of the atom, they have no charge and contribute to the mass of the atom

Neutrons

Current whose power source reverses at regular intervals, causing current to flow in one direction, then in the opposite direction is called:

Alternating current (AC)

Consists of light, x-rays, radio waves, microwaves, and other forms of energy:

Electromagnetic energy

Anything that occupies space and has shape or form is called:

Matter

Two or more atoms that combine chemically are called:

Molecule

What are the building blocks of all matter?

Atoms

What is the process of converting alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC)?

Rectification

Substances that contain more than one type of molecule are called:

Mixtures

Positively charged particles located in the nucleus of the atom. The number of this determines the element of the atom.

Protons

A substance that consists of only one type of molecule is called:

Chemical Compound

Matter can neither be created not destroyed, but it can change form is the definition of:

The Law of Conservation of Matter

The ability to do work is defined as:

Energy

Stored energy is defined as:

Potential energy

The ability of electric charges to do work is defined as:

Electrical energy

The distance from one crest to the next on a sine wave is called:

Wavelength

What is the quantity of electrons flowing in a circuit?

Current

When a conductor is placed in a magnetic field and there is movement between the lines of magnetic force and the conductor, electric current will flow in the conductor. This is called?

Electromagnetic induction

This is called heat and is the result of atomic motion:

Thermal energy

The quantity of matter that makes up any physical object is called:

Mass

Energy released through chemical changes in atoms or molecules is called:

Chemical energy

The force or speed of the electron flow in the current is called:

Potential difference

What is the basis for the transformer?

Electromagnetic induction

A transformer with more windings in the secondary coil than the primary coil, with the voltage on the secondary side is greater than the primary side is called:

Step-up transformer

Unit used to measure potential difference:

Voltage

The smallest possible unit of electromagnetic energy is called:

Photon

The energy used to keep electrons in their respective electron shells, the shells closest to the nucleus have more of this:

Binding energy

Which of the following are forms of matter?

1. Electric current

2. Solids

3. Gases

2 and 3 only

The “building blocks” of all matter are called:

Atoms

The quantity of matter that makes up any physical object is called its:

Mass

Which shell in an atom would contain the least number of electrons?

K-Shell

Which particles are located in an orbit around the nucleus of an atom?

Electrons

What is the name of the innermost shell of an atom?

K-Shell

Which shell in the atom is most important in the production of x-rays?

K-Shell

When an electron is removed from an atom, the atom is said to be:

Ionized

Which electron shell has the greatest binding energy?

K-shell

The atomic number of an atom is represented by the number of:

Protons

What term is applied to the distance from one crest to the next in a sine wave?

Wavelength

The penetrating power of an x-ray beam is determined by its energy as expressed in its:

Wavelength

All electromagnetic energy moves through space at the same

Velocity

The smallest possible unit of electromagnetic energy is the:

Photon

The term that applies to the quantity of electrons flowing through a circuit is:

Current

What term refers to the force or strength of the electron flow in the current?

Potential difference

The unit used to measure the rate or volume of current flow is the:

Ampere

The unit of potential difference is the:

Volt

The standard voltage provided by utility companies for household use is _______ volts.

120

In radiology, 80,000 volts is converted to

80 kVp

The milliamperage level(s) used in radiology is

25-500

In radiology, high-frequency generators can produce up to what electrical frequency?

10,000Hz

The frequency of alternating current delivered by electrical utilities in the United States and Canada is:

60Hz

Which transformer would have more windings on the primary side?

Step-up transformer

If the voltage across the primary side of a step-up transformer is 100 V and the transformer has a 500:1 ratio, what is the voltage on the secondary side?

50,000 V

All elements have an atomic number. The atomic number represents the atom’s

1. Mass.

2. Density.

3. Electrons.

1 and 2 only

One of the most important elements in radiology is:

Tungsten

Which of the following would be considered characteristics of x-rays?

1. Travel in straight lines

2. Can cause a biological change in tissue

3. Have no mass

All 3

The process of converting alternating current into direct current for x-ray production is called:

Rectification

Electricity is produced when a magnet is moved around a conductor or the conductor is moved around the magnet, his process is called:

electromagnetic induction

The basis for the operation of a transformer is:

Electromagnetic induction

When an atom gains or loses an electron, the process is called:

Ionization