Breathing and Aerodynamics JB

What are the primary muscles of inspiration, and which one(s) is/are typically deemed to be the most important?

The primary muscles of inspiration include the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is typically deemed the most important muscle for inhalation.

Briefly define appoggio and describe its relevance.

Appoggio is a technique in singing that involves proper breath support and control, allowing for sustained and powerful vocal phrases. It is essential for maintaining vocal stability and ensuring expressive performance. A breathing strategy to manage the active muscles of inspiration and expiration during phonation in a manner that reduces laryngeal tension (optimizes laryngeal efficiency)

What are some methods for improving vocal economy/efficiency?

Techniques such as breath support training, vocal exercises to strengthen the diaphragm, and proper posture can enhance vocal economy. These methods promote efficient use of breath and reduce strain during singing.

What is the Continuity law of incompressible flow?

The continuity law: incompressible flow in a duct or pipe is constant, regardless of what happens to the area

What is the Conservation of energy law (Bernoulli)?

Bernoulli’s Law (Conservation of Energy): Pressure is inversely related to particle velocity (aka if velocity increases, pressure decreases)

What is the Resistance law?

The greater the resistance, the greater the change (drop) in pressure.
-Flow resistance is the ratio of the change in pressure to flow – where is the greatest resistance in the upper airway?
-Glottal resistance is measured as the drop in pressure relative to the flow

What are Aerodynamics?

Pressure & flow (combined = power*) NOT Breath Support
*Pulmonary power = force (pressure) being transferred to the vocal folds over time
Pressure + Flow = Power
-The vocal folds are a transducer that convert pulmonary (aerodynamic) power into acoustic power (sound)