Studied by 46 people
Hinduism
Polytheistic religion
Scriptures called the Vedas
Vedas organize people into castes
Belief in reincarnation until reaching liberation from the cycle
Mainly in India
Buddhism
Founder: Siddhartha Guatama
Doctrines called Four Noble Truths sought to eliminate suffering by following the Eightfold Path
Goal to achieve enlightenment/nirvana to end reincarnation
Popular with members of lower caste, spread along the Silk Roads throughout Asia
Confucianism
Analects teaches people how to act in everyday life
Education, benevolence, virtue, respect for authority, filial piety
Affected Chinese beliefs
Daoism
Religion focused on how people can live in harmony with nature
Emphasized internal reflection
Influential in Chinese history
Chinese Civil Service Exam (Meritocracy)
Under Han Dynasty students analyzed Confucian teachings to receive jobs in the federal bureaucracy
Filial Piety
Duty of people to honor their ancestors under Confucianism
Enforces patriarchy
Hinduism’s impact on South and Southeast Asia
Established caste system which would be used for thousands of years.
Caste System
A rigid social hierarchy in India under Hinduism that was passed down through families. Only through reincarnation could people move up a class.
Byzantine Empire
Eastern half of divided Roman Empire, eventually extended over the Eastern half of the Mediterannian world. Justinian Code: reform of Roman legal code.
Maya city-states
Decentralized collection of states
Emperors descended from deity
Theocracy with powerful priests
Islam
Follow teachings of Mohammad in the Quran
Law code called sharia regulate Muslims religious/civic behavior
Brought peace and unification to warring Arab states
Abbasid Caliphate
Influencial leaders of Dar al-Islam 750-1258
Islmaic golden age
Trade increased along Silk Roads, advances in math and medicine, strengthen female rights, religious toleration (jizya)
Song Dynasty
Rose after fall of Tang Dynasty due to peasent uprisings and invasions 190-1279
Continued golden age of China (meritocracy, leading manufacturer of iron, steel, silk and porcelain, had largest city in the world)
Neo-Confucianism
Melding of Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist philosophies became popular under Tang and Song Dynasties.
Song Dynasty Inventions
Paper money
Magnetic compass
Scientific and mathematic achievements of Dar al-Islam
Advances in medicine
Astronomical observatories
Developed algebra
Improved astrolabe
Preserved Greek and Roman texts
Great Zimbabwe
Large kingdom in southeast Africa. Dominated region 12th-15th centuries.
Crusades
1095 Roman Catholic pope called for Holy ______ to free Jerusalem and other lands from Islamic control.
Imperial Bureaucracy
System in China strengthens dynasty
Appointed officials carried out the empire’s policies
Theravada vs. Mahayana Buddhism
Theravada focuses on personal spiritual growth through meditation and self-dispilpline. Popular in Southeast Asia.
Mahayana focuses on spiritual growth and service. Popular in China and Korea.
Feudalism
Social system in medieval Europe. Nobility under the King, Vassals under the Nobility, Serfs under the Vassals.
Manorialism
Serfs are property tied to the land. Work on the land under the owners of the manor.
Serfdom
Peasants under feudalism system tied to the land and work under vassals.
Seljuk Empire
Challange to Abbasid rule from Central Asian Muslim Seljuk Turks
Conquer parts of Middle East stretching to Western China
Leader called himself sultan
Ethiopia
Island of Christianity in the continent of Africa. Separated religiously from both Eastern Orthodox religion and Roman Catholics.
Great Schism
The Christian church in Europe split into two branches: the Roman Catholic Church in Europe and the Orthodox Church in the East (Greece to Russia).
Srivijaya Empire
Maritime and commercial kingdom
Mahayana Buddhism
Controlled modern-day Indonesia and Straight of Malacca
Five Relationships
5 fundamental relationships in Confucian Society
Ruler to subject
Father to son
Husband to wife
Older brother to younger brother
Friend to friend
Baghdad House of Wisdom
Also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad. Major public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate.
Sufism
Branch of Islam believes people can form a direct relationship with Allah
More practical practices for those from foreign lands so spread along trade routes
Mexica
Seminomadic people of the Aztec empire
Northern Mexico
Established on a small island in Lake Texcoco the capital of Tenochtitlan
Inca
Polytheistic worship of the sun
Largest Empire in the world at the time
Greek Orthodox
Religious syncretism
Originated from the Balkans and Middle East
