AP World Unit 1: Global Tapestry Brain Dump

Review Week 1

Hinduism

• Polytheistic religion

• Scriptures called the Vedas

• Vedas organize people into castes

• Belief in reincarnation until reaching liberation from the cycle

• Mainly in India

Buddhism

• Founder: Siddhartha Guatama

• Doctrines called Four Noble Truths sought to eliminate suffering by following the Eightfold Path

• Goal to achieve enlightenment/nirvana to end reincarnation

• Popular with members of lower caste, spread along the Silk Roads throughout Asia

Confucianism

• Analects teaches people how to act in everyday life

• Education, benevolence, virtue, respect for authority, filial piety

• Affected Chinese beliefs

Daoism

• Religion focused on how people can live in harmony with nature

• Emphasized internal reflection

• Influential in Chinese history

Chinese Civil Service Exam (Meritocracy)

Under Han Dynasty students analyzed Confucian teachings to receive jobs in the federal bureaucracy

Filial Piety

• Duty of people to honor their ancestors under Confucianism

• Enforces patriarchy

Hinduism’s impact on South and Southeast Asia

Established caste system which would be used for thousands of years.

Caste System

A rigid social hierarchy in India under Hinduism that was passed down through families. Only through reincarnation could people move up a class.

Byzantine Empire

Eastern half of divided Roman Empire, eventually extended over the Eastern half of the Mediterannian world. Justinian Code: reform of Roman legal code.

Maya city-states

• Decentralized collection of states

• Emperors descended from deity

• Theocracy with powerful priests

Islam

• Follow teachings of Mohammad in the Quran

• Law code called sharia regulate Muslims religious/civic behavior

• Brought peace and unification to warring Arab states

Abbasid Caliphate

• Influencial leaders of Dar al-Islam 750-1258

• Islmaic golden age

• Trade increased along Silk Roads, advances in math and medicine, strengthen female rights, religious toleration (jizya)

Song Dynasty

• Rose after fall of Tang Dynasty due to peasent uprisings and invasions 190-1279

• Continued golden age of China (meritocracy, leading manufacturer of iron, steel, silk and porcelain, had largest city in the world)

Neo-Confucianism

Melding of Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist philosophies became popular under Tang and Song Dynasties.

Song Dynasty Inventions

• Paper money

• Magnetic compass

Scientific and mathematic achievements of Dar al-Islam

• Advances in medicine

• Astronomical observatories

• Developed algebra

• Improved astrolabe

• Preserved Greek and Roman texts

Great Zimbabwe

Large kingdom in southeast Africa. Dominated region 12th-15th centuries.

Crusades

1095 Roman Catholic pope called for Holy ______ to free Jerusalem and other lands from Islamic control.

Imperial Bureaucracy

• System in China strengthens dynasty

• Appointed officials carried out the empire’s policies

Theravada vs. Mahayana Buddhism

Theravada focuses on personal spiritual growth through meditation and self-dispilpline. Popular in Southeast Asia.

Mahayana focuses on spiritual growth and service. Popular in China and Korea.

Feudalism

Social system in medieval Europe. Nobility under the King, Vassals under the Nobility, Serfs under the Vassals.

Manorialism

Serfs are property tied to the land. Work on the land under the owners of the manor.

Serfdom

Peasants under feudalism system tied to the land and work under vassals.

Seljuk Empire

• Challange to Abbasid rule from Central Asian Muslim Seljuk Turks

• Conquer parts of Middle East stretching to Western China

• Leader called himself sultan

Ethiopia

Island of Christianity in the continent of Africa. Separated religiously from both Eastern Orthodox religion and Roman Catholics.

Great Schism

The Christian church in Europe split into two branches: the Roman Catholic Church in Europe and the Orthodox Church in the East (Greece to Russia).

Srivijaya Empire

• Maritime and commercial kingdom

• Mahayana Buddhism

• Controlled modern-day Indonesia and Straight of Malacca

Five Relationships

• 5 fundamental relationships in Confucian Society

• Ruler to subject

• Father to son

• Husband to wife

• Older brother to younger brother

• Friend to friend

Baghdad House of Wisdom

Also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad. Major public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate.

Sufism

• Branch of Islam believes people can form a direct relationship with Allah

• More practical practices for those from foreign lands so spread along trade routes

Mexica

• Seminomadic people of the Aztec empire

• Northern Mexico

• Established on a small island in Lake Texcoco the capital of Tenochtitlan

Inca

• Polytheistic worship of the sun

• Largest Empire in the world at the time

Greek Orthodox

• Religious syncretism

• Originated from the Balkans and Middle East