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Law of Conservation Of Matter
Matter cannot either be gained or lost in a chemical reaction
Combination (synthesis)
A+B→ AB
Decomposition
AB→A+B
Single Displacement
A+BC→AC+B
Double Displacement
AB+CD→AD+BC
Combustion
C_xH_y+O_2→CO_2+H_2O
A combustion reaction is a reaction with Oxygen (O2), Usually generates heat and light
Stiochiometry
The study of the numerical relationships between chemical quantities in a chemical reaction
Guidelines for determining stoichiometric calculations
If you are not given it, write and balance the chemical equation
Start dimensional analysis with the quantity of substance that you are given. If you are given a mass unit other than grams, convert to grams using necessary conversion factors
Convert form grams of substance X to moles of substance X using the substances molar mass. Molar mass for an element is on the P.T. but the molar mass of a compound must be determined
Convert from moles of substance X to moles of substance Y, using the coefficients from the balanced chemical equation to create a molar mass ratio conversion factor
convert from moles of substance Y to grams of substance Y, using the substance’s molar mass
if necessary, convert from grams of substance Y to the desired unit
Calculate the answer and report using the correct number of sig figs
Limiting reactant
the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction and limits the amount of product
Reactant in excess
any reactant that occurs in a quantity greater than is required to completely react with the limiting reactant
Theoretical yield
amount of product that can be made in a chemical reaction based on the amount of limiting reactant
actual yield
the amount of product actually produced by a chemical reaction
Percent yield
actual yield/theoretical yield x 100%
How to determine Limiting reactant
calculate the possible yields of the product using EACH REACTANT, then compare the two
The lesser amount is the theoretical yield, and the reactant that produced the lesser amount is the limiting reactant
