BSNS 111 - Exam Revision 2025

Manaakitanga

Hospitality or generosity. Ngai Tahu: We will pay respect to each other, to iwi members and to all others in accordance with our tikanga (customs). - Looking after our people.

Whanaungatanga

Relationship, kinship, family. Ngai Tahu: We will respect, foster and maintain important relationships within the organisation, within the iwi and within the community.

Kaitiakitanga

Guardianship and protection. Ngai Tahu: We will work actively to protect the people, environment, knowledge, culture, language and resources important to Ngāi Tahu for future generations.

Rangatiritanga

Leadership and ethics. Ngai Tahu: We will strive to maintain a high degree of personal integrity and ethical behaviour in all actions and decisions we undertake.

Wicked Problems

No clear or simple solution. Many different stakeholders. Solving it may create new problems. E.g. Climate change, poverty etc

Causal Loop

Shows how elements in a system affect each other. A causes B but B affects A. E.g. "More social media use → less sleep → more stress → even more social media use."

Reinforcing Loop

Amplify change, grow or collapse exponetially. E.g. “More pollution → more global warming → more air conditioner use → more energy demand → more pollution.”

Balancing Loop

Stabalise the system, seek equilibrium. E.g. “If room is too hot → thermostat cools it → temperature drops → system returns to set point.” Useful for understanding goals, regulations, or limits.

Case Study - The rise and fall of Theranos.

Board of lies. None medical professionals. Lied to consumers. Culture of intimidation and secrecy.

Lobbying

Influencing political decisions. Can be ethical or unethical.

Greensill Capital

Government official was on the board and was able to ask for financial assistance from the government via internal influence.

Triple Bottom Line

People, Profit, Planet. (Social, Economic, Environmental)

Why did Telecom split to Chorus and Spark?

Government intervention to prevent monopoly.