Psychiatric Disorders and Brain Relationships

These flashcards cover key concepts related to psychiatric disorders and their relationship with brain function, including symptoms, treatments, and brain structures involved.

What is the historical relationship between psychiatry and neurology?

They were historically one field where brain diseases can cause psychological symptoms.

What is a key example of a brain disease that affects psychological functioning?

Alzheimer’s disease leads to memory and personality changes.

What percentage of the population is affected by schizophrenia?

Approximately 1%.

What are the three types of symptoms in schizophrenia?

Positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech)

Negative symptoms (flat affect, social withdrawal, anhedonia)

Cognitive symptoms (attention deficits, working memory issues, executive dysfunction).

What area of the brain is primarily impaired in schizophrenia affecting executive functions?

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC).

What type of medication is commonly used to treat schizophrenia?

Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) which act as dopamine antagonists.

What are the characteristics of Major Depression?

Low mood, fatigue, anhedonia, and suicidal thoughts.

What brain activity changes are observed in Major Depression?

Increased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), amygdala, and insula; decreased activity in the dlPFC.

What is the sensitivity model in relation to anxiety disorders?

Stress and drugs can sensitize the brain, leading to excessive fear responses.

What role does the amygdala play in anxiety disorders?

It has a central role in fear and is often hyperactivated.

What is the primary goal of psychosurgery?

To treat psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia and depression by disconnecting frontal lobes.

What is the most prevalent type of dementia?

Alzheimer’s disease.

What are prions and their role in neurodegeneration?

Misfolded proteins that induce other proteins to misfold, leading to cell death.

What are the four common sleep disorders?

Insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and difficulty in brain-related sleep functions.

What important role do micronutrients play in brain health?

Deficiencies in micronutrients may contribute to mood disorders and anxiety.

What is the gut-brain axis?

The connection between gut bacteria and brain health, influencing stress regulation and emotional processing.