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Dynamic
Continually changing
Health and wellbeing
The state of a person’s physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual existence, characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy, capable and engaged.
Wellbeing
A complex combination of all dimensions of health characterised by an equilibrium in which the individual feels happy, healthy and engaged.
Infirmity
The quality or state of being weak or ill; often associated with old age.
Subjective
The way in which peoples’ view of HWB is influenced by or based on personal beliefs, feelings, experiences or opinions.
Dimensions of health and wellbeing
The components that make up an individuals overall HWB. The five dimensions are physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual.
Physical HWB
Relates to the state and functioning of the body and its systems; it includes the physical capacity to perform daily activities or tasks.
Social HWB
Relates to the state and quality of the interactions and relationships that an individual has with other people. It includes the ability to manage or adapt apporximately to different social situations.
Mental HWB
The current state of wellbeing relating to a person’s mind of brain and the ability to think and process information. It includes thought patterns, self esteem and levels of stress and anxiety.
Emotional HWB
Relates to the ability to express feelings in an appropriate way. Emotional HWB is about the positive management and expression of emotional actions and reactions, as well as the ability to display resilience. It is the degree to which an individual feels emotionally secure and relaxed in everyday life.
Spiritual HWB
Related to ideas, beliefs, values and ethics that arise in the minds and conscience of human beings. It includes the concepts of hope, peace and a guiding sense of meaning or value, and reflection on your place in the world.
Resilience
The ability to effectively deal with adverse or negative events that occur throughout life.
Emotional intelligence
An individual’s ability to recognise and respond to either their own or other’s emotions.
Self esteem
Reflects a person’s overall subjective emotional evaluation of their own worth. It is judgement of oneself as weel as an attitude towards the self.
Optimal health and wellbeing
The highest level of health and wellbeing an individual can realistically attain at any particular time, taking genetics and the different environments in which people live taken into account.
Food security
The state in which all persons obtain nutritionally adequate, culturally appropriate, safe foods regularly through local non-emergency sources (VicHealth)
Pathogens
Bacteria, viruses and other microbes that can cause disease.
Social Justice
Fairness in society
Equity
The absence of unfair, unvoidable or remediable differences.
Equality
The state of being equal, especially in status, rights or opportunities.
Sustainability
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of furture generations to meet their own needs.
Subjective nature of HWB
The way in which people’s view of HWB is influenced by or based on personal beliefs, feelings, experiences or opinions.
Perspective
A particular attitude towards or way of regarding something. A point of view.
Incidence
The number or rate of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given time (usually 12 months)
Prevalence
The total number of proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time (AIHW 2008)
Life expectancy
The number of years on average remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth (AIHW 2018)
Mortality
Number of deaths in a population in a given period (AIHW 2018)
Years of life lost (YLL)
A measure of how many expected years of life are lost due to premature death.
Morbidity
Ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence and prevalence) (AIHW 2018)
Years lived with diability (YLD)
Measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to disease, injury or disability.
Burden of disease
Measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, specifically the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free from disease of diability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called DALY (VCAA)
Chronic condition
Any disease or condition that lasts a long time (usually longer than 6 months). It usually can’t be cured and therefore requires ongoing treatment and management. Examples include arthritis as asthma.
Core activites
Related to three more areas of life; Self care, morbidity and communication.
Core activity limitation
When an individual has difficulty, or requires assistance with any of the three core activties.
Psychological distress
Relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affects an individual’s level of functioning.
Kessler psychological distress (K10)
A scale of psychological distress based on the answers to ten questions about negative emotional and mental states in the four weeks prior to the interview. The system classifies psychological distress as low, moderate, high and very high.
Health status
An individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity.
Health indicators
Standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status (For example life expectancy, mortality rates and morbidity rates)
Self - Assessed health status
Based on an individual’s own perception of their HWB
Life expectancy
The number of years of life, on average remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth (AIHW 2018)
Mortality
Refers to death
Trends
A general movement of pattern
Sociocultural factors
The social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These conditions include socioeconomic status, social networks, family and cultural background, food security and early life experiences, and access to affordable, culturally appropriate healthcare
Peer influence
The social influence a peer group exerts on its members, as each member attempts to conform to the expectations of the group.
Health literacy
Relates to how people access, understand and use health services in ways that promote and maintain health and wellbeing. A high level of health literacy is strongly linked to improved health outcomes.
Social gradient of health
The higher a person’s income, education or occupation level, the heathier they tend to be.
Health
Relates to physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual dimensions.
Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)
Used to measure burden of disease where one DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or premature death.
Years Lived with Disability (YLD)
A measure of the impact of morbidity on a group or population.
Socioeconomic Status
Refers to a person’s position in society relative to other people based on income, occupation and education.
