Neurobiology Exam Concepts

These flashcards cover key neurobiology concepts including neuronal function, action potential mechanisms, and brain models.

Resting Potential

The electrical charge of a neuron when it is not actively firing, typically around -70 mV.

Ion Movement

The movement of ions like Na+, K+, and Cl- into or out of the neuron, driven by concentration and electrical gradients.

Na+/K+ Pump

A mechanism that pumps 3 Na+ ions out of the neuron and 2 K+ ions into the neuron, contributing to the resting potential.

Leaky K+ Channels

Channels that allow K+ to leave the cell, making the inside more negative and contributing significantly to resting potential.

Ligand-gated Channels

Channels that open in response to the binding of a neurotransmitter, typically located on dendrites and soma.

Voltage-gated Channels

Channels that open in response to changes in membrane potential, primarily found on the axon.

EPSP (Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential)

A synaptic potential that makes a neuron more likely to fire by bringing it closer to threshold.

IPSP (Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential)

A synaptic potential that makes a neuron less likely to fire by moving it away from threshold.

Action Potential

A rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a neuron fires, characterized by depolarization and repolarization phases.

Threshold Potential

The membrane potential at which an action potential is triggered, typically around -55 mV.

HPA Axis

The interaction between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, regulating stress responses and hormonal feedback.

Implicit Bias

Attitudes or stereotypes that affect understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner, often associated with emotional responses.

Gate Control Theory

A theory of pain perception suggesting that non-painful input can close the 'gates' to painful input, inhibiting pain signals.

Correlational Brain Function

The differing functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, including left for language and right for spatial processing.

Triune Brain Model

A model describing three distinct brain regions: neocortex (logic), limbic system (emotion), and reptilian brain (survival functions).