Joints

Synarthrosis

Type of joint that typically allows no movement

Amphiarthrosis

Type of joint that is slightly moveable

Diarthrosis

Type of joint that is freely moveable

Fibrous Structure

Where adjacent bones are strongly united by fibrous connective tissue.

Cartilaginous

A type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage,

Synovial

Allows for smooth movements between the adjacent bones

Flexion

Making the angle between bones smaller

Extension

Making the angle between bones larger

Hyperextension

Excessive joint movement past extension

Rotation

Rotating joints

Abduction

Moving the limb away from the midline

Adduction

Moving limb closer to midline

Circumduction

Circular movement of ball and socket joint

Opposition

The thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger

Dorsiflexion

Backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot

Plantar Flexion

The movement of the foot in a downward motion away from the body

Inversion

A movement in which the plantar surface of the foot rotates towards the midline of the body.

Eversion

Tilting of the foot so the sole faces away from the midline

Elevation

Movement in a superior direction

Depression

Movement in an inferior direction

Protraction

The anterior movement of a bone in the horizontal plane

Retraction

A joint moves back into position after protraction

Pronation

A rotational movement of the forearm that results in the palm facing posteriorly

Supination

The movement in which a person turns their hand, wrist, and forearm upward

Nonaxial Motion

gliding joints

Uniaxial Motion

Only allows for a motion in a single plane (around a single axis)

Biaxial Motion

Can move around on two planes

Multiaxial motion

Can move around on all planes/ in any direction

Hinge Joints

Knees and Elbows (Uniaxial)

Gliding Joints

Wrist bones (Nonaxial)

Ball and Socket joints

Shoulder and hip (Multiaxial)

Condylar Joints

Fingers (Biaxial)

Pivot Joints

Neck and Radius (Uniaxial)

Saddle Joints

Thumb (Biaxial)

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Deepest one in back

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

In the back of knee in front of PCL

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Larger ligament on medial side (Tibia)

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Smaller ligament on the Lateral side (fibula)

Meniscus

Disc between fibrocartilage

Patellar Tendon

Big boy on front

Glenohumeral ligaments

Glenoid Cavity to humerus

Coracoclavicular

Coracoid Clavicular

Coracoacromial

Coracoid to Acromion

Acromioclavicular

Acromion to Clavicle

Osteoarthritis

Wear and tear

Rheumatoid

Autoimmune arthritis (attacks cartilage)

Gout

Uric acid crystallizes and deposits in the joints

Ligaments

Bone to bone connecting tissue

Sprain

Stretched or torn ligaments