Appreciation of Fine Arts - Strasburg - Test 2 - PCC - Spring 2025

Renaissance

rebirth/revival of Greek and Roman antiquity

The Church and wealthy families

the patrons of art during the Italian Renaissance

Religious and Mythological subjects

the subjects of art during the Italian Renaissance

Raphael

painter/architect who painted the School of Athens

"School of Athens"

masterpiece and the perfect embodiment of the classical spirits of the high Renaissance

Religious and Domestic scenes

subjects of the Northern Renaissance

- Late Gothic styles.

- Awkward linear perspective.

- Development of oil painting.

- Intense realism

facts about the Northern Renaissance

Intense realism

what was a factor of the Northern Renaissance that the Italian Renaissance did not have? (most important)

Jan van Eyck

painter of the Northern Renaissance; "Ghent Altarpiece"; realism not idealism; "Marriage of the Lamb"; much symbolism

Martin Luther

pioneer of the Protestant Reformation; singer and performer on the lute and flute; responsible for most chorales

Chorale

a body of sacred melodies sung in German; written primarily by Luther

John Calvin

attempted to remove art and music from the church; developed metrical psalms

Metrical psalms

metric, rhymed, strophic translations of psalms

Palestrina

wrote music for the Catholic church that demonstrates polyphony with clarity of text

- Printed music was available to everyone.

- Rise of amateur musicians.

- Different styles of music

factors that helped in the rise of secular music

- Dance music.

- Lute songs.

- Madrigals.

- Word painting.

styles of music during the Renaissance

Madrigals

a polyphonic choral piece set in poem

Word painting

musical depiction of text through musical gestures

Baroque

"pearl of irregular shape"; name given by critics

Absolute monarchs

who were the Catholics controlled by in the Baroque period

Merchant cities

who were the Protestants controlled by in the Baroque period

Religious and monarchial portraits

the art subjects of the Baroque period

open form

when everything points away/off the canvas

- high tension and drama.

-open form.

-single-source lighting.

-diagonal compositions.

-sense of realism.

characteristics of the Baroque period

Caravaggio

Italian painter; religious themes; down and dirty style; "Doubting Thomas"

Velazquez

the greatest Spanish painter; influenced by Caravaggio; criticized for realism; uses alla prima technique

Vivaldi

Master of Italian Baroque concertos; created ritornello form; established the 3 mvt. concerto

rittornello

return or repeat of the main theme

alla prima

direct painting with very little sketch

fast-slow-fast (3)

typical concerto mvt. speed

Bach

his death marks the end of the Baroque period; German Lutheran composer; Well-Tempered Clavier; excelled in every music genre except opera; basis for today's music theory

Handel

mainly an opera composer; music teacher for the royal family; wrote "Messiah"

Handel's Messiah

most famous oratorio; tells the story of Christ's coming and resurrection

Oratorio

an unstaged opera with a religious subject; the chorus has greater importance than than in opera

Enlightenment

the age of reason; more focus on man than on God; rejection of Christ; gave way to the age of revolution

Rococo

delicate scroll of a seashell; French art before the Revolution; a form of interior decoration; bridge between Classical and Baroque eras; aristocracy at leisure; light and pastel; free brushwork; indulgence and fantasy

Watteau

first great French Rococo painter; fetes galantes style

Fetes galantes

scences from theatrical comedy and aristocracy at leisure

Fragonard

the last major painter of the French Rococo

Classical

something of the first rank; excellent and enduring; return to the ancient Greek/Roman values; avoided ornate decoration

David

the leading Neoclassical French painter; rediscovers Roman/Greek art; painted propaganda for Napolean

Ingres

a student of David; characterized by his visual appeal and exotic color; an ardent defender of Davidian tradition and a critic of Romanticism

Public concerts

middle-class patronized concerts for the public; charged admission fee

Viennese School

group of Classical composers (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven)

-simple and tuneful melodies.

-homophonic texture.

-rapid change of moods (major/minor keys; antecedent/consequent).

-notable musiciains.

characteristics of Classical music

Haydn

worked for the Esterhazy family; composed very slowly; "Father of the Symphony"; composed symphonies with 4 mvts.;"Father of the String Quartet"

Symphony

an elaborate musical composition for full orchestra, in four movements

Creation

Haydn's favorite oratorio

Mozart

influenced by his father; child prodigy an virtuoso; most universal composer in history

Sonatas

a multi-movement work for solo instrument, or instrument with keyboard accompaniment (violin only or violin/piano)

Beethoven

used all classical genres and forms while foreshadowing the Romantic era; "The Prophet of Romantic Music" (a urge for personal expression in his music); studied with Haydn; deaf;

Symphony No. 9

the 1st symphony to include a chorus

rittornello

return or repeat of the main theme