Animal Kingdom

Bilaterally symmetrical animals usually _ organs at their _end.

more complex sense; anterior

The ____ can be seen from earthworm's exterior.

Clitellum

In human development, the blastopore becomes the _and we are called deuterostomes.

anus

The palest string-like structure running the length of the ventral side of the worm is the ventral _.

nerve cord

Why would an earthworm die if its skin lost all of its water?

Earth worms breathe through their skin

What is the fully lined body cavity formed by the mesoderm of some animals called?

coelom

How do earthworms increase the nutrients available for plants?

1. As decomposers they turn dead/decaying material into fertilizer for plants

2. 2. Tunnels they dig allow air to reach farther down into soil and also mixes soil.

Too much rain or sunshine will have the greatest effect on which of an earthworm's organ systems

Respiratory system

The fact that a human can move all around after ingesting a large meal, twisting and turning without fear of losing his contents is a good indicator that he has what type of body structure?

True Coelom

What change lead to the specialization of body parts, aides in mobility, and is important to classification?

segmentation

The opening in the exoskeleton which allows air into the book lungs is known as the .

spiracle

What type of muscles are contracted in the earthworm if his body is extended to its full length

Circular

On the ventral side of the earthworm, what structure runs parallel to the nerve cord?

Ventral blood vessel

A mass is a term that represents the internal organs of a given animal.

visceral

Why are arthropods at risk during and immediately after molting?

Their exoskeleton is soft and vulnerable

In order for an organism with a hard exoskeleton to grow it must __.

molt

The ___ senses light.

eyespot

The earthworm is a good example of a ___ digestive tract.

One-way

Earthworms are _. (Sex?)

Hermaphrodites

Seminal _- are the receiving chambers in the earthworms reproductive system.

receptacles

In earthworms cellular wastes are excreted through tubes. What are these tubes called?

Nephridia

Aortic arches are a part of the _ system.

circulatory

Describe the difference in an open circulatory system and a closed circulatory system and explain how one of the systems may be advantageous to a predator

An open circulatory system has only some of the blood contained in veins and arteries. Most of the blood is roaming freely inside of the body.

In a closed circulatory system all of the blood is contained in veins and arteries.

This is advantageous to a predator because the skin is opened, it won't bleed out and also predators can direct blood to certain areas where they need it.

List the three germ layers and give two examples of tissue that develops from each layer.

Ectoderm - skin, nerves
Endoderm - digestive tract, respiratory system
Mesoderm - muscles, circulatory system

Explain the structural difference in the coelom, pseudcoelom, and no coelom and give an example of an animal for each.

Coelom - When the mesoderm forms a fully lined body cavity., ex. Earthworm
Pseudocoelom - When the body cavity is only partially lined by mesoderm., ex. roundworm
No Coelom - Only body cavity is the digestive tract, mesoderm makes up worms' entire interior body, ex. flatworm

List and define three different types of skeletons and give an example of an animal for each.

Hydrostatic skeleton - muscles surround and are supported by a fluid-filled cavity. ex. the fluid-filled coelom of the earthworm

Exoskeleton - A hard encasement on the surface of the animal. Provides great strength and protection

Hydrostatic skeleton - muscles surround and are supported by a fluid-filled cavity. ex. the fluid-filled coelom of the earthworm

List two types of digestive systems and tell the difference between each. Give an example of an animal for each.

Two-way system- is some animals there is only one opening through which the food enters and the wastes leave. Ex: Hydra One-way system- food enters and moves through system and exits somewhere else. Ex: earth worm

Define radial and bilateral symmetry. Give an example animal for each.

Radial symmetry- has body parts radiating from a central point like the spokes of a wheel.Ex. Sea star Bilateral symmetry- body parts are arranged in pairs on either side of a central axis. Ex: humans

What are setae used for?

locomotion

A cluster of nerve tissue is called a

ganglia

What are internal walls that separate the segments of an earthworm called?

Septum

The fused head and chest region to which the legs and other appendages of a crustacean are attached is called the _'

cephalothorax

However, the total length of blood vessels is much greater in the mouse, and the mouse's heart pumps at much higher pressure than the grasshopper's hearts. This is because the mouse has a _______________ circulatory system and the grasshopper has a _________________ system.

closed; open

All vertebrates breathe with either gills or lungs. Which is a property of gills only and not lungs?

They can breathe underwater

Food digestion occurs in much the same way in all vertebrates and many invertebrates. What is the this common process?

Mechanical digestion in mouth

Which property of an animal's mouth most strongly indicates whether the animal is a carnivore or a herbivore?

teeth

What characteristics demonstrate that sea anemones are animals and not plants? Name at least two that apply.

They are Heterotrophic and they digest their food

List a type of worm that does not have a coelom.

Flatworm

Animals with bilateral symmetry have an anterior end

a posterior end

Animals with bilateral symmetry have an anterior end, a posterior end, a ventral side, and a _________________ side. What happened to these directions as the human stood up?

Dorsal; Dorsal and posterior became one side and anterior and ventral became one side.

An arthropods exoskeleton is composed of _.

chitin

Which nodes make the Echinoderm stand by themselves on this cladogram?

1.- Anus first development; 2.- As adults: Radial symmetry- no cephalization

Which of the nodes represents a common ancestor of arthropods and mollusks?

Mouth-first development

What are the only two nodes that the Cnidarians(Jelly fish) have in common?

Radial symmetry and Tissues and two germ layers