AP CSP Unit 2 Vocab

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23 Terms

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path

a series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a reciever

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bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

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computing device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

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computing system

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

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computing network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

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protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

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IP Address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

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Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

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Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

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Redundancy

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by  having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

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Fault Tolerant

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

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datastream

a continuous flow of data that is processed as it is generated

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packet

a small segment of data that is transmitted over a network, such as the internet

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metadata

contains information about the protocols a specific computer uses to create and send packets

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Number packets so they can be re-ordered, confirm all were received, resend any missing packets. Multiple back and forth confirmations between sender and receiver.

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User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Send all the packets but don’t check if they all get through or arrive in the right order.

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Scalability

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

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Domain Name System (DNS)

the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses

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World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

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Net Neutrality

The idea that internet service providers (ISPs) should treat all internet data equally, without blocking, slowing down, or prioritizing certain content

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Internet censorship

The act of controlling or restricting the content that is available on the internet

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Digital divide

The gap between people who have access to the internet and information and communication technologies (ICT) and those who do not