AP CSP Unit 2 Vocab

path

path

a series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a reciever

bandwidth

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

computing device

a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

computing system

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

computing network

a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data.

protocol

An agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

IP Address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

Internet Protocol (IP)

a protocol for sending data across the Internet that assigns unique numbers (IP addresses) to each connected device

Router

A type of computer that forwards data across a network

Redundancy

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by  having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

Fault Tolerant

Can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

datastream

a continuous flow of data that is processed as it is generated

packet

a small segment of data that is transmitted over a network, such as the internet

metadata

contains information about the protocols a specific computer uses to create and send packets

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Number packets so they can be re-ordered, confirm all were received, resend any missing packets. Multiple back and forth confirmations between sender and receiver.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Send all the packets but don’t check if they all get through or arrive in the right order.

Scalability

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

Domain Name System (DNS)

the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP addresses

World Wide Web

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the Internet

Net Neutrality

The idea that internet service providers (ISPs) should treat all internet data equally, without blocking, slowing down, or prioritizing certain content

Internet censorship

The act of controlling or restricting the content that is available on the internet

Digital divide

The gap between people who have access to the internet and information and communication technologies (ICT) and those who do not