Unit 4 Key Concepts: Chemical Reactions

Vocabulary flashcards related to chemical reactions.

Physical Change

Change in appearance or state (e.g., phase changes, separating a mixture).

Chemical Change

Transformation of substances where substances are changed into new substances.

Aqueous (aq)

Dissolved in water.

Reversible Reaction

A reaction that can proceed in both forward and reverse directions.

Precipitate

An insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution.

Complete Molecular Equation

A chemical equation showing the complete formulas of all reactants and products.

Complete Ionic Equation

A chemical equation showing all soluble ionic compounds as dissociated ions in solution.

Spectator Ions

Ions that exist in the same form on both the reactant and product sides of a chemical equation.

Net Ionic Equation

A chemical equation that only shows the species that participate in the reaction.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction and determines the amount of product that can be formed.

Percent Yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, multiplied by 100.

Titrant

A solution of known concentration that is added to another solution to determine the concentration of a second chemical species.

Equivalence Point

The point in a titration where the moles of acid equals the moles of base.

Endpoint

The point in a titration where there is a color change.

Analyte

The substance being analyzed in a chemical analysis.

Precipitation Reaction

A reaction in which two aqueous solutions are mixed together and the product is an insoluble solid precipitate.

Redox Reactions

Reactions that involve the transfer of electrons.

Oxidation

Losing electrons.

Reduction

Gaining electrons.

Oxidation State

A number assigned to an element in a chemical compound that represents the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom of that element in the compound.

Brønsted-Lowry acid

Proton (H+) donor.

Brønsted-Lowry base

Proton (H+) acceptor