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Nucleotide structure
Sugar(deoxyribose) and phosphate. They create a backbone + base (A,G,C,T)
RNA can fold and catalyse?
Yes, RNA can fold in a specific structure using its own complementary sequences and also work as catalysers in some cases
Ribosomal ingredients
rRNAs and 50 proteins
Genome
Total genetic information
Free energy, how does this appear?
When some molecules bind to one another going into a state of lower energy they free some additional energy
ATP is used for
as a building block for DNA/RNA synthesis or it also carries energy
Amphophilic
One part is hydrophilic and another one is hydrophobic
Paracrine signaling
Short distance signaling to the same type of cells or to a different type of cells but always to those, that are near by
Endocrine signaling
Long distance signaling. To cells that are far away, for example hormones use blood stream
Autorcrine signaling
A cell can react to its own signals. It releases signals and its own receptors react to them. For example cancer cells can regulate its growth in such way
Proliferation
Growth and division of the cells
The difference between endocrine signaling and synaptic signaling in length and affinity
Cells that get their signals(hormones) by endocrine signaling have higher affinity to their ligand, while neurons have much lower affinity to the neurotransmitter. Neurotransmitter is also quickly removed by enzymes after signaling. But synaptic signaling is way faster
