POSC 122 Final

Wedge Issues

Issues used by politicians to persuade ambivalent voters to change their prioritization of party identification and salient issues

Minimal Effects Doctrine

elections are determined far in advance of the campaign by the social structure of the electorate

Identity Crisis

Clinton underperformed. and Trump overperformed due to educational polarization

Ambivalent Sexist Attitudes

positively predicts vote choice for white women but not Black women

2016 Election

cross-pressured partisans returned to the republican party and clinton’s supporters had low in-group identity

2020 Election

There was a higher voter turnout which benefitted Biden due to ideological calcification

Calcification

the difference in the electorate is due to a growing correlation between ideology and partisanship

Resource Model

People don’t vote because they can’t, civic skills make voting easier

Phsychological Engagement

People don’t vote because they won’t, some people get more enjoyment from politics

Other forms of political participation

driven by resource availability and provides extrinsic benefits

Felon Disenfranchisement

increased incarceration rates has resulted in a higher number of non-incarcerated felons

Ballot Reform

reducing barriers to voting does not incentivize voters but increases retention

The Rules Committee

coordinates the efforts of standing committees

Canon’s Revolt

a coalition of democrats and progressive republicans revolted against house speaker joseph cannon because he had almost total authority

Conditional Party Government

there are strong political parties as long as there is interparty homogeneity

Seniority Rule

committee chairs were no longer selected by seniority but rather by party leaders

Definitive Case Against the Fillibuster

The fillibuster generates non-action and its existence allows politicians to deflect responsibility

Insecure Majorities

Partisan conflict in congress is a measure of the pursuit of political power

Reflexive Politics

politicians respond to opposing ideology to undercut their credibility

Fennno’s Paradox

members of congress are frequently reelected despite low congressional approval rates

House Reapportionment

population shifts require seats to be occasionally redistributed

Redistricting

redrawing congressional district lines within states

Gerrymandering

a form of redistricting where boundaries are purposefully manipulated to dilute votes

Pacificus-Helvidius Essays

Madison and Hamilton debate the scope of presidential power

Unilateral Power

ways that the president can take action without congressional support

Executive Orders

directive issues to authorize action from executive agencies

Two Presidencies Thesis

whether or not presidents excersize their power in foreign or domestic affairs

executive-centered partisanship

the president exacerbates partisan tensions in congress

Federal judiciaries act

laid out the structure of the judiciaries

Marbury vs Madison

established the doctrine of judicial review, whether or not Marbury had a right to his commission

Counter-Majoritarian Difficulty

how can democracy exist with a supreme court composed of unelected and unaccountable judges

Doctrine of Judicial Review

requirements that a case must meet before the court gives it article III review

Legislative Reorganization Act

made processes more transparent and increased the powers of minority party members

Getting Borked

the refusal to appoint a judge on the basis of ideological differences

Legal Realism

framers never wanted originalism and had no single intention

Originalism

restrains the power of unelected judges and their personal opinions

Electoral College

The method for indirectly electing the President

Civic Skills

The ability of a voter to inform themselves on issues relevant to civic engagement