Antebellum Period and Jackson's Presidency

Who were the two main people who contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

Eli Whitney and Sam Slater

Eli Whitney invented the…

cotton gin

Eli Whitney came up with the idea of interchangeable parts. What does this mean, and what did it lead to?

Interchangeable parts are objects, like screws or ammunition, with standardized/universal sizes which can be used in multiple machines or guns. This led to mass production in factories.

Sam Slater snuck into Britain factories to steal…

factory plans (and bring them back to the U.S.)

The Industrial Revolution increased the number of day laborers and moved the U.S. away from an agrarian economy to an industrial. However, factories were often criticized for being…

unsafe and with poor working conditions

Day laborer definition

People who work for a daily pay

In the Antebellum Period, sectionalism started to arise between the North and South, so Henry Clay encourages nationalism through the…

American System

American System definition

The movement to create tariffs which fund roads and bridges to unite the North and South

Sectionalism definition

Regional differences/divisions between North and South

Is the American System passed by Congress?

No (poor states argue that only the rich states will get infrastructure but the poor states have to pay to fund the infrastructure anyway)

Who became some of Jackson’s political enemies?

John Calhoun, Henry Clay, Nicholas Biddle

What was the decision of McCulloch v. Maryland?

States do not have the power to tax federal entities like the national bank. (John Marshall says “the power to tax is the power to destroy“)

Missouri Controversy year

1820

What causes the Missouri Controversy?

There is an equal number of slave states and free states, but Missouri might break that balance if it joins as a slave state (unequal representation of pro-/anti- slavery in the Senate)

List the following events in order:

1. Missouri Controversy

2. 2nd National Bank is chartered

3. McCulloch v. Maryland

231

Sunset clause definition

A clause that states a law will expire after a certain amount of years if not renewed by Congress before that amount of years

Why is it important for laws to have a sunset clause?

Future court cases/decisions might abuse old and irrelevant laws

To maintain balance of free/slave states with Missouri, which state joins the Union?

Maine

What was the main solution to the Missouri Controversy stated in the Missouri Compromise?

A geographical line is drawn to separate free from slave states

Jefferson warns that the Missouri Compromise is only a temporary solution (“reprieve”) to the bigger problem of…

sectionalism (slave vs free states)

The Federalist party dies because…

The War of 1812 is won just as they oppose the war and try to make constitutional amendments

The Federalists believe the Constitution favors the South because of the…

Virginia Dynasty (four of the first five presidents were from Virginia)

Jackson is in a 4-way tie for president. Whom and whom are his important enemies?

John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay

Corrupt bargain definition (according to Jackson)

John Quincy Adams rewards Henry Clay for his support in the presidential tie by appointing him secretary of state

The “corrupt bargain” criticized by Jackson is ironic because…

he does the same thing (appoints government positions by political support, not by qualification/experience in that job)

Spoils system definition

Appointing government positions by political support, not by qualification/experience in that job

List the major U.S. problems/successes Jackson is associated with.

• Native removal (Indian Removal Act of 1830)

• 2nd National Bank removal

• Nullification Crisis of 1832

• National debt completely paid off

In the same way that the American Colonization Society wanted to deport African Americans to Africa, Jackson wants to…

expatriate Native Americans

List the following events in order:

1. Nullification Crisis

2. Jackson’s (first) election

3. Trail of Tears

4. Era of Good Feelings

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Direct campaigning definition

Going to conventions and cities to talk to people directly to campaign for president (Jackson was the first candidate to do so)

Annex definition

Take land legally

What was the main decision in Worcester v. Georgia?

States cannot annex (take) land from the Cherokee (decided by John Marshall)

Although the Supreme Court rules in favor of Worcester, Jackson decides to…

ignore the decision and not enforce the protection of Native lands

The Nullification Crisis of 1832 was caused by…

a high-wall tariff (the “Tariff of Abominations”) passed by Congress

The Kentucky/Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the Nullification Crisis of 1832 are all similar because…

Threats are made to secede from the union if the power to nullify is not granted to the states

Who started the Nullification Crisis of 1832 in which state?

John Calhoun in South Carolina

In response to the Nullification Crisis of 1832, Jackson passes the…

Force Bill/Act (to enforce South Carolina to comply with tariffs)

How was the Nullification Crisis of 1832 settled?

1. South Carolina repealed its Nullification Bill but nullified the Force Bill

2. Congress lowered the Tariff of Abominations

Jackson doesn’t necessarily want to become a presidential candidate, but the people want him to because he is a…

war hero

Jacksonian Democracy definition

a government by the common people for the common people (Jackson portrays himself as a common man)

Why does Jackson want to get rid of paper money and the 2nd National Bank?

• Paper money value can inflate by just printing more money

• Private investors, who participate in the management of the bank, don’t share the interests of the common people

Henry Clay and Nicholas Biddle want to renew the 2nd National Bank to embarrass Jackson, but Jackson…

vetoes the re-charter act

The Creek became two groups over time: the White Sticks and Red Sticks. Which group especially feels like Jackson has betrayed them and why?

The White Sticks are Creek people who have assimilated to American culture. White Sticks fought for Jackson in the War of 1812 to defeat the Red Sticks, so they feel like the Jackson betrayed them through the Indian Removal Act of 1830.

Remember to check documents/letters/primary sources handed out in class! (Good/bad idea?)

Good