Fluid Properties - 8/28 Notes (Engineering Toolbox)

Flashcards covering core fluid properties, including density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, surface tension, adhesion/cohesion, vapor pressure, and cavitation, with example contexts from the notes.

Specific Weight (gamma)

density × gravity.

Specific Volume (v)

1 / density

Density formula

1/ specific volume

What is the approximate density of water in slug/ft^3 ?

1.94 slug/ft^3.

What is the density of water in English units?

62.4 lb/ft^3.

Fluid

A substance that confirms to the shape of its environment

What is the density of water in metric units?

1 g/cm^3.

What are the four fundamental properties of all fluids ?

Density, Viscosity, Surface Tension, Vapor Pressure.

Define Density

Mass per volume

Define Viscosity.

Resistance to flow.

Define Surface Tension

Molecular affinity of a fluid to want to stick to itself or another object

Related concepts of surface tension

Adhesion and cohesion

Example of cohesion

Water droplets on a sheet of glass

Cohesion

the attraction of the fluid to itself

Example of adhesion

water trying sticking to the glass

Adhesion

is the attraction between the fluid and a surface or another substance

Define Vapor Pressure.

The pressure at which a liquid will evaporate into a gas

What is cavitation in pumps ?

is boiling within a pump due to low external pressure

Consequence of cavitation pump

vibration and potential mechanical failure.

How can you tell if a fluid will float or sink when mixed with water?

SG < 1 it will float; SG > 1 it will sink.

Specific Gravity

Specific weight fluid / specific weight of water.

Gravity

32.2 ft/s²

What is the role of temperature in fluid properties?

All fluid properties are functions of temperature