Germany Cards

Fall of Napoleon (1815)

The end of Napoleon's empire, leading to political restructuring in Europe and the rise of nationalism.

Napoleonic Code

Legal reforms initiated by Napoleon emphasizing equality, meritocracy, and centralized administration.

Congress of Vienna

A meeting of European powers aimed at restoring monarchies and balancing power after Napoleon's defeat.

Zollverein

Customs union established in the 1830s to promote economic integration among German states.

Volksgeist

Philosophical concept celebrating the unique cultural spirit of the German people.

Burschenschaften

Student associations in Germany promoting nationalism and liberal ideas.

Carlsbad Decrees

Laws enacted in 1819 to suppress revolutionary thought and control student organizations.

Grossdeutschland vs Kleindeutschland

Two plans for German unification; Grossdeutschland includes Austria, Kleindeutschland led by Prussia without Austria.

Frankfurt Parliament

The first attempt to create a constitution for a united Germany, convened in 1848.

Revolution of 1848

A series of uprisings in Europe, including Germany, demanding unity and democratic reforms.

King Frederick William IV

Prussian king who refused the crown offered by the Frankfurt Parliament, believing in absolute monarchy.

Treaty of Prague (1866)

Agreement ending the war between Prussia and Austria, leading to the formation of the North German Confederation.

Franco-Prussian War

Conflict from 1870 to 1871 that united the German states against France and led to German unification.

Helmuth von Moltke

Chief of the Prussian army known for effective military planning and rapid troop movement.

Hohenzollern Candidature

A political situation regarding a Hohenzollern prince's offer of the Spanish throne, provoking France.

Bismarck’s Intentions

Strategies used by Bismarck to unify Germany through military means rather than parliamentary cooperation.

Economic Integration (Post-1849)

Growth in Germany's economy through railroads and industries, leading to calls for political unification.

Impact of Metternich’s System

Conservative policies aimed at preventing liberal uprisings, resulting in intense opposition among reformers.

Napoleon on Saint Elba

Napoleon's first exile, during which liberal and nationalist movements gained momentum in German states.

The Humiliation of Olmütz (1850)

An agreement forcing Prussia to acknowledge Austrian leadership, demonstrating Austria's power within German affairs.