Ethics

Academic Freedom

The freedom of investigators to pursue research problems of their choice with scientific merit.

Informed Consent

A form that outlines the research, identifying potential risks and benefits, which participants must understand and sign.

Minimal Risk

A level of risk in research where participation does not increase the likelihood or magnitude of negative events.

Welfare of Participants

The obligation to protect the safety and well-being of participants in research studies.

Ethical Considerations

Standards that guide researchers to ensure respectful and fair treatment of participants.

Potential Risks

Possible negative outcomes that participants may encounter during research.

Benefits of Participation

The positive outcomes that participants receive as a result of participating in research.

Federal Regulations

Government laws that mandate ethical conduct in research involving human participants.

Professional Standards

Established guidelines that govern ethical practices in research.

Confidentiality

The assurance that personal information obtained from participants will be kept private.

Voluntary Participation

The principle that participants can choose to be involved in the research without coercion.

Withdrawal from Research

The right of participants to exit the study at any time without penalty.

Observational Study

Research method where the investigator observes and collects data without manipulating variables.

Experimental Study

Research method that involves manipulating one or more variables to observe effects on a dependent variable.

Stanley Milgram

Psychologist known for his controversial obedience experiments in the 1960s.

Obedience Study

Research designed to measure the willingness of participants to obey authority figures.

Data Fabrication

The unethical practice of creating false data or results in research.

Selective Exclusion of Data

The act of omitting certain data points to achieve desired results, which is unethical.

Plagiarism

The act of using someone else's work or ideas without proper attribution.

Confounding Variables

Variables other than the independent variable that may affect the dependent variable.

Memory Study

Research focused on understanding memory processes and learning methods.

Participant Compensation

Payment or reward offered to individuals for their participation in a study.

Research Procedures

The specific methods and processes implemented during a research study.

Scientific Merit

The quality of research indicating its potential to contribute meaningful insights.

Research Ethics

Moral principles that guide researchers in the conduct of research involving human subjects.

Research Proposal

A detailed plan submitted for approval prior to conducting research.

Human Subjects

Individuals who participate in research studies, providing data or feedback.

Data Analysis

The process of reviewing and interpreting data collected from research.

Scientific Understanding

The knowledge gained through systematic research and inquiry.

Disclosure of Risks

The necessity to inform participants about any risks associated with their involvement in research.

Public Announcement

A notice issued to recruit participants for a study, detailing eligibility and compensation.

Participant Autonomy

The right of individuals to make informed decisions about their involvement in research.

Research Impact

The effect or influence that research findings can have on society or a particular field.

Ethics Review Board

A committee that evaluates research proposals to ensure ethical standards are upheld.

Scientific Integrity

The commitment to honesty and transparency in conducting and reporting research.