Biological Macromolecules

What are the four main types of biological macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Biological macromolecules are essential for life and typically composed of __________.

Smaller molecular subunits.

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a typical ratio of __________.

1:2:1.

Monosaccharides are __________.

Simple sugars like glucose and fructose.

Disaccharides are composed of __________.

Two monosaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose.

Polysaccharides are __________.

Long chains of monosaccharides, such as starch and cellulose.

Lipids are primarily composed of __________.

Hydrocarbons.

What is the function of triglycerides?

They are the main form of stored energy.

Phospholipids form __________.

Cell membranes.

Which macromolecule type includes cholesterol and hormones?

Steroids.

Proteins are composed of __________ linked by peptide bonds.

Amino acids.

The primary structure of a protein refers to __________.

The sequence of amino acids.

What types of structures result from hydrogen bonding in proteins?

Alpha helices and beta sheets.

What is the function of proteins in living organisms?

Serve as enzymes, transport molecules, structural components, hormones, and antibodies.

Nucleic acids are composed of __________.

Nucleotides.

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

RNA is associated with __________ and gene expression.

Protein synthesis.

What is one key function of nucleic acids in cells?

To store and transmit genetic information.

Biological macromolecules are crucial for the __________ and __________ of living organisms.

Structure and function.