Week 1-2 Animal Comms Quiz 1

Definition of sound

A change in local concentration of molecules that is perceived by a receiver.

definition of pressure

force of medium molecules per unit area on sensor

Where is speed of sound fastest

air

where is speed of sound slowest

aluminum

two sine waves can be equal but..

differ in amplitude

how does pressure decrease with distance?

linearly

pressure decreases how much with each doubling of distance?

6db

Which waveforms show how amplitude changes with time?

Amplitude waveforms

which waveforms show how frequency changes with time?

Sonograms/spectrograms

What shows how amplitude changes with frequency?

Power spectra

Animal signals evolve as what?

As a tool for studying general evolutionary principles

the way information is transferred is through the use of a…

signal

In which definition of communication is there mutual benefit?

True communication

How is true communication defined?

Mutually benefitting Communication using signals that are agreed upon symbols by individuals involved, and excluding incidental transmission and information.

How is manipulative communication defined?

Manipulation by sender who communicates for own benefit.

How is “mind reading” communication defined?

“Mind reading” by receiver, learning something about the sender’s internal state. only receiver benefits.

How is signal different from cue/incidental info?

Signals can be changed.

How is cue/incidental info different from signal?

cues are not changeable.

Incidental transmission of information definition.

uses cues that are not changeable, not beneficial to sender.

What is batesian mimicry or lures an example of?

transmission of misinformation.

transmission of misinformation is..

not beneficial to receiver

What is state?

Signals that are permanently on.

What are the subcategories of signals?

State and Event

What is event?

Signals that are only on for short periods of time

Example of state.

E.g., plumage coloration, uncoverable badges, fixed body scents

Example of events

E.g., sounds, electric discharges, movements, quick touches

Example of incidental transmission of information

Feeding buzzes of bats

Incidental transmission of information is…

not beneficial to sender

info about environment

danger, food, water

info about status

availability to mate, dominant, subordinate

info about identity

sex, family, colony, age, species

info about what animal will do next

approach, flee, groom

true communication examples

courtship

incidental trans. of info. example

eavesdropepr

trans. of misinfo (manipulation) example

batesian mimicry

ignoring spite example

fight to injury

Which communication is +,+?

True communication

Which communication is +,-?

Transmission of misinformation

Which communication is -,+?

Incidental transmission of information

Which communication is -,-?

Ignoring spite

as frequency increases, what decreases?

period

peak definition

measures maximum level above baseline

root-mean-square definition

measures a standard deviation average of positive values for amplitude

peak to peak definition

measures absolute value of maximum to minimum level