HOA 3- KOREA & SRI LANKA

Cauli

name given by Merchants of the Middle East (from the Chinese pronunciation), which then came to be spelled Corea and Korea.

Han-guk

South Korea

Choson

North Korea

Han River

Passes through Seoul and continues on to the Yellow Sea , Meets the sea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone that divides South and North Korea.

Goguryeo (Koguryo)

was the largest kingdom with 2 capitals, along the Chinese border

Baekje

was founded when two sons of Goguryeo's founder fled a succession conflict, to establish Baekje around the present Seoul area

Wang Kon

1st to unite Korean Peninsula, founder of the dynasty of Koryo

Entasis

middle portion of columns were shaped convex swelling

pit-house architecture

from the Jeulmun pottery Period, contained basic features such as hearths, storage pits, and space for working and sleeping

Types of Megaliths

Southern Type

low and often a simple slab with supporting stones

Types of Megaliths

Northern Type

larger and shaped much like a table

Types of Megaliths

Capstone Type

has a capstone with no supporting stones.

Ondol

Korean floor panel heating system; means "warm stone"

Kingdoms of Korea

Goguryeo

largest of the 3 kingdoms, renowned for its mountain fortresses built horizontally and vertically along the slopes. (Stepped pyramid & large earth mound form)

Kingdoms of Korea

Baekje

established friendships with China and Japan. (Temples)

Kingdoms of Korea

Silla

last of the three kingdoms to develop into a full-fledged kingdom. (Buddhist temples)

Mireuksa Temple

largest and earliest stone pagoda shows the transitional features from a wooden pagoda to a stone one.

Cheomseongdae

first stone observatory in Asia, "Star-Gazing Tower", oldest surviving observatories in East Asia and one of the oldest scientific installations on Earth.

Built out of 362 pieces of cut granite which some claim represent the days of the lunar year.

Hwangnyongsa

also known as the "Golden/Yellow Dragon Temple" or "Emperor/Imperial Dragon Temple", the center of state-sponsored Buddhism

Bulguksa Temple

built on a stone platform at the foothill of Mt. Toham near Gyeongju, is the oldest existing temple in Korea.

Home to the 7 national treasures of South Korea

Daeungjeon Hall

Hall of Great Enlightenment, enshrines the Sakyamuni Buddha

Seokguram Grotto

Hermitage and part of the Bulguksa temple complex.

built by Gim Daeseong and originally called Seokbulsa (Stone Buddha Temple).

Statue of Buddha

on a lotus pedestal in the center is the dominant feature of the chamber

Dolmen

Representative type of tomb from the Bronze Age in Korea

Jongmyo Shrine

Confucian royal shrine that houses tablets of deceased kings and queens of Joseon.

Goryeo Architecture

inspired by Buddhism - temples and pagoda, Bright and soft coloring of the structures indicate further development since the Three Kingdoms era

Hyanggyo

local schools

private seowon

Confucian academies

Jaesil

clan memorial halls

Jongryo

memorial shrines, to commemorate exceptional acts of filial piety or devotion

Hwaseong

brilliant fortress, Built in the late 18th c. by King Jeongjo to honour and house the remains of his father Prince Sado, who had been murdered by being locked alive inside a rice chest by his own father King Yeongjo having failed to obey his command to commit suicide.

Geunjeongjeon

Throne Hall, Hall where the king granted audiences to his officials presided over large official functions and met foreign envoys.

Largest and most formal hall in Gyeongbokgung.

Changdeokgung Palace

"East Palace", most favored palace of many Joseon princes

Donhwamun Gate

Main palace gate, has a two-story pavilion-type wooden structure, and is the largest of all palace gates

Injeongjeon Hall

National Treasure, used for major state affairs including the coronation of a new king and receiving foreign envoys.

Gyeongbokgung Palace

Northern Palace, is arguably the most beautiful, and remains the largest of all five palaces

Hongsalmun

built as a gate for entering a sacred place in Korea, literally means "gate with red arrows"

Iljumun

first gate at the entrance to many Korean Buddhist temples, "One-Pillar Gate"

Gakhwangjeon Hall

one of the monastery's two principal halls

Palsangjeon

Hall of Eight Pictures, worship hall that contains Palsang

Palsang

series of painted murals depicting the eight stages in the life of the historic Buddha, Sakyamuni.

Hanhoe Folk Village

traditional village from the Joseon Dynasty.

Pungsu

Korean feng shui, the science of living in harmony with the natural world

Yundo

a type of compass, is an essential tool for feng shui experts to interpret the Earth's energy

Record of Jiri

a book published during the Joseon Dynasty that contains explanations of pungsu

Hanok

Korean traditional house

Daecheong

cool wooden-floor style hall

Daedulbo

posts

Giwa

tiled roofs

Cheoma

edge of Hanok's curvy roofs.

Yangban

upper class

Chogajip

straw-thatched house, roof plaited by rice straw

Hanji

Korean traditional paper

Layout of Hanok

usually faced south

anchae

Gyusu room - situated deep inside the house so that it is secretive and quiet.

Sarangchae

Seonbi room - where the men dwell

Goolpy

oak bark, usually used in mountain villages

Byeotjib

rice straw

Neowa

shingle

eoksae

eulalia, good for waterproofing and durability

Neowajib

shingle-roofed house

amkiwa

flat giwa

sukiwa

round giwa

Sri Lanka

large island in the Indian Ocean, center of international trade

Anuradhapura Period

Establishment of political, social, and artistic traditions

Earliest remains are natural rock chambers built for hermits -with drip ledges to carry away rain water;

Sinhalese King Kassapa I

created a city on and around an immense rock-hill, Sigiriya

Polonnaruwa Period

City of Anuradhapura sacked by Indian invaders, Capital city of Polonnaruwa established and commanded main roads and trade

Expansion of temple to enshrine colossal Buddha statue Temples with interior corridors and processional areas;examples:Lankatilleke

Kandyan Period

Division of the island into different kingdoms, Capital city established at Kandy

Typical architecture of woord, Roofs high pitched with wide eaves, slightly curved; finished with terra cotta tiles and eaves tiles with bas reliefs

Ceylon

known as "Dharma Dida"

Dagoba

A Sri Lankan stupa

cettiya

ghara or watadage which was a circular relic house built in stone and brick

Ambalama

rest house for travelers