AP Euro - WWII through cold war

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32 Terms

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big three

  • great britian

  • united states

  • soviet union

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big three met at a series of 3 conferences

negotiated what a post-war Europe would look like.

  • one of the key agreements as that eastern Europe would be allowed to choose their leaders and governments though democratic elections

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big three created United Nations

hoped to replace league of nations and do what it couldn’t - prevent another world war

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soviet union absorbed eastern european nations

became known as the Soviet Bloc

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Germany was divided into four occupations zones

  • french

  • soviets

  • united states

  • british

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soviets wanted to keep Germany weak

unites states wanted a strong Germany to lead to a stable Europe

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former British prime minister Winston Churchill

iron curtain speech

  • an iron curtain ha descended across the continent

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the division between democratic Europe and communist Europe was complete

after World War II, symbolized by the Iron Curtain.

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Truman Doctrine

said that any country who felt itself under the threat of communism could expect finical and military assistance from the Unites States

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how was the cold war waged?

  • propaganda

  • proxy war

  • covert actions

    • spying = CIA and KGB

  • arms race

    • nuclear weapons

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korean war

after japan was defeated in WWII its former colony Korea was divided along the 38th parallel. The soviets occupied the north and the soviets occupied the south

  • in 1949, both armies withdrew and North Korea became communist while South Korea was more democractic

  • ended in a stalemate

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Vietnam war

divided into north with the communists & china and south with a US friendly government after the war

  • ended in a stalemate

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soviet invasion of Afghanistan

anti-communist gorillas were attempting to overthrow the communist government there. The communists invaded to support the communists while the USA sent weapons to support those who were attempting the other throw

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nato (north Atlantic treaty organisation )

Established by the USA because the soviets were always threatening to expand into the west

  • NATO was a military defense pact that many western European nations signed with the untied states

  • if any one state was attacked, then they were all in essence attacked, so they would all therefore respond

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world bank

established to provide money to countries that needed to rebuild after the war

  • later shifted to provide loans to developing nations

  • goal was to make sure that a global economic catastrophe like the Great Depression didn’t happen

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international monetary fund

  • facilitated international currency exchange and encouraged global trade

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world trade organisation

responsible for generating and enforcing a set of rules that governed international trade

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warsaw pact

military alliance with the satellite states of the soviet union

  • would require dependence on soviet union

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soviet bloc states DID NOT flourish economically like Western Europe did

this is mainly due to planned economies

  • the economic output of these satellite states were planned by a committee within the Soviet Union

  • each state was told what to produce, how much of it to produce, and where they could sell it

  • states in the soviet bloc did not produce for their own benefit but rather for the overall benefit of the Soviet Union, often to their own hurt

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5 year plans

goals were the rapid industrialization of the soviet union and economic flourishing

  • in Ukraine, many farmers rebelled against the collectivization and as a result they got blacklisted for Soviet food distribution

    • 5 million people died from this

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social welfare

  • housing

  • healthcare

  • universal education

  • poorly implemented

    • hastily built and sometimes required more than one family to live in a single apartment

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social welfare effects

in order to achieve this level of centralization, the soviet union systematically removed the civil liberties and individuals rights of the population

  • secret police

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secret police

responsible for rooting out those who dissented from the Communist Party’s agenda, and in order to make those threats stick, they were authorized to use violence and subversion to keep the populations in check

  • emigration resticted

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berlin wall

to prevent east Berliners from fleeing to Democratic west

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when Khrushchev came to power

he started de-stalinization by publicly denounced Stalin for his authoritarian rule

  • artists were more free

  • released political prisoners

  • scaled back the secret police

  • implemented economic policies to help citizens

  • ease heavy soviet influence on the soviet bloc states

    • more civil liberties would be tolerated in these satellite states and some limited free trade would also be implemented

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Revolts against Soviet Policies: Hungarian Revolution

Hungarians announced that they would leave the Warsaw Pact and seek protection of united nations. Soviets then sent troops to Budapest killing almost 3000 and crushed the revolution. As a result, the soviet grip on hungary grew tighter and more oppressive

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Revolts against Soviet Policies: invasion of Czechoslovakia

reform-minded leader enacted many liberal reforms outside of the bounds of Soviet policies. As a result, Warsaw Pact Troops invaded Czechoslovakia stopped the reforms and strengthened the more oppressive wing of communist party there

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Gorbechev

his policies of glasnost and perestroika which introduced much more openness and some limited free market economics into the Soviet Union, untimely led to the collapse of the Soviet Union

  • surge of nationalism

  • completed process of dismantling soviet union

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dawes plan

germany would pay what they could

american financial aid

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treaty of locarno

germany promised to recognise borders which allowed them to join league of nations

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