Chapter 12: Abuse and Violence Flashcards

Practice question-and-answer flashcards covering concepts, definitions, statistics, and clinical guidelines on abuse and violence from Chapter 12.

What is the estimated annual number of people in the United States affected by family and domestic violence?

An estimated 10 million people annually.

Which psychological disorders are frequently associated with experiencing abuse and violence?

PTSD, dissociative disorders, substance use disorders, and depression.

Why does domestic violence often remain undisclosed by victims?

Domestic violence often remains undisclosed due to fear.

How should nurses support an abused client regarding identity and empowerment?

Nurses should ask for their preferred name and pronouns, determine how the client identifies (as a victim or survivor), and respect their current stage in the healing journey without imposing labels or judgments.

Why do violent families exhibit social isolation?

Violent families exhibit social isolation because members keep to themselves, do not invite others home, and do not disclose abuse due to threats from abusers to cause greater harm to relatives or pets if the secret is revealed.

According to the lecture notes, when is a female homicide victim most likely to be killed by a current or former partner?

A female homicide victim is most likely to be killed during the ending of the relationship.

What effect does alcohol use have on family and intimate violence?

Alcohol use increases the likelihood and intensity of violence and is involved in many intimate violence and date rape cases, though it does not have a direct cause-and-effect relationship.

What is the intergenerational transmission process of violence?

It is the perpetuation of violence patterns through generations via role modeling and social learning, where children who witness parental violence learn to use violence as a method for conflict resolution.

Why are immigrant female adults particularly at risk for domestic violence?

They face unique legal, social, and economic challenges, potential cultural acceptance of abuse, fear of deportation if seeking help, language barriers, and isolation from economic dependency.

How does the lecture notes define intimate partner violence (IPV)?

IPV is mistreatment or abuse in an emotionally intimate relationship, which can be emotional, psychological, physical, sexual, or a combination.

What proportion of female and male adults report experiencing severe physical violence by an intimate partner?

1 in 5 female adults and 1 in 7 male adults.

What proportion of female and male adults report experiencing sexual violence by an intimate partner?

1 in 5 female adults and 1 in 12 male adults.

According to Table 12.1, what are key "Dos" when working with clients who have experienced partner abuse?

Believe the client, maintain confidentiality, listen and affirm, express concern for safety, state the abuse is not their fault, recommend support groups or counseling, and assist with safety planning.

According to Table 12.1, what are key "Don'ts" when working with clients who have experienced partner abuse?

Don't tell the client what to do, don't express disgust or anger, don't moralize, don't recommend couples' counseling, and don't direct the client to leave the relationship.

What are the primary phases of the cycle of abuse and violence?

An initial episode of violence followed by regret and apologies, a honeymoon period with romantic behavior, a tension-building phase with arguments and complaints, and repeated violent episodes.

What is the estimated prevalence of child abuse or neglect, and how is it broken down by type?

An estimated 1 in 4 children experience abuse or neglect, broken down as 78% neglected, 18% physically abused, and 9% sexually abused.

What are common physical warning signs of child abuse or neglect listed in Box 12.3?

Serious injuries (fractures, burns, lacerations) with no reported trauma history, delay in seeking treatment, histories inconsistent with injury severity (such as shaken baby syndrome blamed on rolling off a sofa), and unusual injuries for the child's age (such as a fractured femur in a 2-month-old).

What legal obligation do nurses have when child abuse is suspected?

All 50 states have mandatory reporting laws requiring nurses to report suspected child abuse, and the reporter may remain anonymous.

What proportion of older adults over 60 years of age are affected by elder abuse?

An estimated 1 in 10 people over 60 years of age.

What are key indicators of material or financial abuse in older adults?

Unpaid bills, standard of living below means, sudden disposal of property, unusual bank account activity, check signatures differing from the older adult's, recent changes in a will or power of attorney, and missing valuable belongings.

What caregiver behaviors serve as warning indicators of elder abuse?

Preventing the older adult from speaking for self or having visitors without the caregiver present, displaying indifference or anger, blaming the older adult for their illness, defensiveness, and conflicting accounts of the older adult's abilities.

How is sexual assault defined in the clinical picture?

A crime of violence and humiliation that includes sodomy and forced acts of oral sex.

What demographic details regarding rapists are provided in Box 12.5?

50% of rapists are 30 years or older, 57% are White, and alcohol is involved in 34% of cases.

What steps must be taken during clinical assessment to preserve physical evidence following a sexual assault?

Perform a physical examination before the patient showers, brushes teeth, or washes, and utilize rape kits and protocols administered by trained sexual assault nurse examiners (SANE).

What warning signs of relationship violence are highlighted in Box 12.6?

Emotional abuse/belittling, controlling friends or clothing, irrational jealousy, heavy drinking or drug use, personal space invasion, social superiority complex, extreme mood swings, and physical aggressiveness.

What percentage of school deaths were caused by homicide according to the 2020 School Crime and Safety Report?

Less than 3%.

What proportion of U.S. students experience bullying, and which grade level shows the highest frequency?

Nearly one third of U.S. students experience bullying, with the highest frequency occurring among sixth to eighth graders.

What common practices are associated with hazing in high school and college groups?

Alcohol consumption, humiliation, isolation, sleep deprivation, and forced sex acts.