8/18 - Small Ruminants

Yes

Should you always examine the entire herd even if you were only called for one animal?

Sheep

Which small ruminants can be sat on their backs during an exam?

1-5

What scale is used to determine BCS in small ruminants?

2

How many permanent teeth are seen in animals 1 year old?

4

How many permanent teeth are seen in animals 1.5-2 years old?

6

How many permanent teeth are seen in animals 2.5-3 years old?

8

How many permanent teeth are seen in animals 3.5-4 years old?

Haemonchus

What genus of internal parasites are the only ones for which FAMACHA scoring helps provide a diagnosis? Fecal flotations and FECs are also helpful in addition.

Disbudding

What horn removal technique is indicated in animals during their first week of life, as the horn has not attached to the skull yet?

Dehorning

What horn removal technique is indicated in animals that are older kids or adults, when the cornual sinus is open and wound management is required? Lidocaine and NSAIDs are used for this procedure.

Castration

What procedure is indicated in small ruminant males in order to prevent unwanted pregnancy, odor, and behavioral problems? Earlier is the most common choice, as Pygmy bucklings can breed at 3 months old. Urolithiasis has a greater risk if this procedure is done earlier.

Caseous Lymphadenitis

What disease must be ruled out first when dealing with an abscess/lump in a small ruminant? It is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. It is difficult-impossible to treat and persistent infection is most commonly seen. Vaccination can be done if it is already known to be present in the herd, as it limits clinical signs but will interfere with antibody testing.

Axillary

In what location are small ruminant vaccines given?

Lice, Mites

What two ectoparasites are the most common ones seen when pruritus is present in small ruminants?

Lice

Which of the two most common pruritic ectoparasites of small ruminants are visible without magnification and can be either biting or sucking?

Winter

In which season do lice infestations cause the worst clinical signs?

Biting

What type of lice are likely present if injectable treatments like ivermectin have been given but the infestation is still present?

Mites

Which of the two most common pruritic ectoparasites of small ruminants require a microscope to visualize, can be zoonotic, can be difficult to eradicate, and are treated in large part by removing them from the environment?

No

Can baytril/enrofloxacin be used in small ruminants?

OV, OVH

One of which two procedures (abbreviated) is often recommended for does due to the high likelihood of precocious udders and false pregnancies during the breeding season?