Acid-Base Balance 2

These flashcards cover key concepts related to acid-base balance, specifically focusing on respiratory acidosis and alkalosis as discussed in the nursing lecture.

Respiratory Acidosis

A condition characterized by a pH less than 7.35 due to impaired alveolar ventilation, leading to increased carbon dioxide (hypercapnia).

Alveolar Ventilation

The process of air exchange in the lungs that involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the alveolar level.

Acidosis

A condition in which the body fluids contain an excess of acid, leading to a decrease in pH.

Alkalosis

A condition in which the body fluids contain an excess of base or a decrease in acid, leading to an increase in pH.

Hypoventilation

Decreased rate or depth of breathing, resulting in an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Hypercapnia

An elevated level of carbon dioxide in the blood, often due to inadequate ventilation.

pH Normal Range

Normal arterial blood pH range is between 7.35 and 7.45.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A test that measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood to assess respiratory function.

Nursing Interventions for Respiratory Acidosis

Include monitoring level of consciousness, positioning, airway clearance, and administering oxygen.

Dysrhythmias

Abnormal heart rhythms that can occur as a result of electrolyte imbalances such as hyperkalemia associated with respiratory acidosis.

Respiratory Alkalosis

A condition characterized by a pH greater than 7.45 due to increased alveolar ventilation, often seen in hyperventilation.

Neuromuscular Symptoms of Alkalosis

Symptoms include tingling or numbness in extremities, muscle cramps, and tetany.

Risk Factors for Respiratory Acidosis

Include underlying respiratory conditions, use of opioids, and neurological disorders.

Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory Acidosis

Symptoms such as headache, restlessness, muscle weakness, and low blood pressure.

Antianxiety Agents

Medications used to create a calming effect, which may be administered for respiratory alkalosis.