Weimar golden years and fall of Weimar

from August 1923. His policy of fulfillment payed reparations to gain sympathy, called an international council of the allies leading to the Dawes Plan

Streseman’s hundred days

Under Hans Luther, government expenditure was cut (700000 employees fired),December 1923 under Hjalmar Schacht marks were replaced with the Rentenmark

Economic action in Streseman’s hundred days

foreign minister

Streseman’s position 1924-29

April 1924, lessened monthly installments of reparations though total was unchanged, the French agreed to leave the Ruhr in 1925, American backed with loans

Dawes Plan

october 1935, international security pact for Germany’s western frontiers that created a mutual guaranteed agreement, renounced the use of force, made the demilitarisation of the Rhineland permanent

Locarno Pact

the League of Nations, recognised as a Coucil of the League

Germany joined in 1926

Kellog-Briand pact 1928

agreement that outlawed war as an instrument of national policy

1929, reparation payments continue until 1988, total sum reduced to £1850 million, a quarter of its original

Young Plan

Treaty of Berlin 1926 to maintain relations and lessen fears on Eastern front

treaty with USSR

Production levels by 1928 had reached those of 1913

High interest rates attracted foreign bankers- especially from US like Ford

1925-29 exports grew 40%

Hourly wages increased every year 1924-30

Strengthens of Weimar economy (4 facts

pregressive taxed implemented

State subsidies built parks, schools, sports facilities

Over 2 million houses built 1924-31

Homelessness down 60%

social welfare in Weimar (4 facts)

Trade didn’t return to pre-war levels

Savings and investments not common for fear of recession

Government in debt from 1925

By 1928, public expenditure was 26% of GNP, not sustainable

76000 industrial disputes 1924-32

economic weaknesses of Weimar (5 facts)

emerging art with social messages, expressionist literature, well respected film industry, cabaret clubs, German Radio Company established 1923 and by 1932 ¼ Germans had a radio

Weimar culture

1928-30, known as the Grand Coalition, divisions over unemployments contributions. He resigned March 1903 as he couldn’t maintain majority and Hindenburg wouldn’t use Article 48

Mullers government

Appointed after Schliecher’s recommendation. SPD accepted this to avoid Hitler.Attempts to cut expenditure only passed by presidential decree, but voted to be withdrawn. HIndesnburg forced him to resign

Bruning’s government

Nazis won 18% as second largest group, KPD also increased to 13%

September 1930 election

Hitler won 13 million votes, though HIndenburg got 19 million

presidential election

May 1932, known as the ‘cabinet of barons’ and a presidential government. He fell after a vote of no-confidence

Papen’s government

Nazi’s won 37% of the vote, SPD decrease, KPD increased. People voted to reject democracy

July 1932 election

Nazi vote fell by 2 million from 3

November 1932 election

December 1932, persuaded hindeburg to appoint him, he didn’t get support from the left and alienated the elite

Schelicher’s government

met with Hitler January 1933 to plan his chancellorship, with himself as vice. Conservative elites thought they could control him

Papen’s actions

October 1929

Wall Street crash

january 1932 reached 6 million, and didn’t fall until 1933. 1 in 3

unemployment after Wall Street crash

by 1932, 18000 farmers bankrupt, 50000 businesses went bankrupt, industrial production down 42% from 1929 levels

Effect of wall street crash on businesses