Week 2- Human Gait

What is a step?

A step begins with the contact of 1 foot and ends with the initial contact of the 2nd foot

What is the part of the human gait called?

Heel strike

What is the % of Stance phase?

60%

What determines a stance phase?

Stance phase is where the heel contacts ground, weight is then traffered onto the limb, and the body progresses over the supporting foot to single limb support, then as the heel rises of the ground it transitions into swing phase

What is 2. In this photo?

Mid stance

What is phase 3?

Terminal stance

What is phase 4?

Pre-swing phase

What is phase 5?

Mid swing

What is phase 7?

Terminal swing

Velocity formula:

Distance/ time

Cadence

Number of steps taken per min

Step length

The distance between the first contact of one foot and then the first contact of the opposite foot

How do you determine the step width?

The middle of the heel of both feet’s distance

Sagittal plane

Flexion and extension

Frontal plane

Abduction and addiction

Transverse plane

Rotation

Hip motion Angles in human gait

30 flexion and 10 extension

When in the gait cycle does the hip have the most flexed angle?

Initial contact 30

When in the gait cycle does the hip have maximum extension?

Terminal stance 10

When is the knee at peak flexion while walking?

Stance plate and swing phase

When is the knee at peak extension phase?

Loading response and terminal swing

Where does the ankle have a string planter flexion while walking?

Pre swing

When does the ankle have string dorsiflexion?

Mid stance

What are the muscles that assist the hip during walking?

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medium

What muscles assist in the knee while walking?

Rectus femoris, vastus medial, vastus intermedium

What muscles assist the ankle while walking?

Trivialised anterior and gastrocnemius and soleus

What is antagic gait?

Stance phases of painful limb is shortened to minimise weight bearing

What is high tapping/ foot dropping gait?

Exaggerated hip and knee flexion to clear foot with dorsiflexion weakness

What is shuffling gait

Small/ hesitant strops and difficulty initiating or terminating movement

What is scissoring gait?

Legs crossing mid line due to excessive addiction during swing phase

What is Amputee gait?

Gait influenced by prosthetic use of limb length and balance

What is ataxic gait?

Uncoordinated, wide based gained due to cerebellar dysfunction

What is trendelenburg gait?

Contralateral pelvic drop during stance phase due to weak hip abductors

What is Hemiplegic gait?

Unilateral motor weakness of spasticity (post stroke)

What is waddling gait?

Bilateral proximal muscle weakness causing trunk instability and side to side movement