AMSCO AP GOV 2.6 - 2.7

Why has the presidency become more powerful than the Framers intended?

Because of interpretation, crisis response, public expectations, and institutional growth in a complex, interconnected world.

What does Federalist No. 70 argue about executive leadership?

A single, strong executive provides decisiveness, accountability, secrecy, and energy in government.

Why does Federalist No. 70 matter today?

It is used to justify strong presidential leadership and the unitary executive theory, especially in crises.

What event led to the 22nd Amendment?

Franklin D. Roosevelt being elected to four terms.

What does the 22nd Amendment do?

Limits presidents to two terms.

What’s the difference between formal and informal powers?

Formal powers come directly from the Constitution; informal powers developed through precedent and practice.

Give an example of a formal presidential power.

Veto power, commander-in-chief role, or making appointments.

Give an example of an informal presidential power.

Executive orders, signing statements, or using the bully pulpit.

Why do presidents rely on informal powers?

To bypass gridlock and respond quickly to emergencies.

How did Abraham Lincoln expand presidential power during the Civil War?

He suspended habeas corpus, claiming wartime necessity.