BIOL 172L - Protist and Fungi

What are fungi?

Heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by breaking down organic material.

What are hyphae?

Thread-like structures that make up the fungal body.

What is mycelium?

A mass of hyphae.

What are fungal cell walls made of?

Chitin

What are septate hyphae?

Hyphae with cross walls.

What are aseptate hyphae?

Hyphae without cross walls.

What are the two types of fungal reproduction?

Sexual and asexual.

What is the dikaryotic stage?

Two separate nuclei in the same cytoplasm.

What is plasmogamy?

Fusion of cytoplasm without nuclear fusion.

What is karyogamy?

Fusion of nuclei.

What does meiosis produce?

Haploid cells/spores.

What phylum does bread mold belong to?

Zygomycota

What is an example of bread mold?

Rhizopus

What structure produces spores in Rhizopus?

Sporangium

What type of spores are produced by sporangia?

Haploid spores.

When does Rhizopus use sexual reproduction?

When conditions are unfavorable or food is scarce.

What phylum includes mushrooms?

Basidiomycota

What structures produce spores in mushrooms?

Basidia

What are the spores produced by basidia called?

Basidiospores

What is the visible mushroom usually considered?

The dikaryotic fruiting body.

What is a lichen?

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.

What can the photosynthetic partner of a lichen be?

An alga or cyanobacterium.

What does the fungus provide to the lichen?

Structure and protection.

What does the photosynthetic partner provide?

Food through photosynthesis.

Do lichens have vascular tissue?

No.

What are the three lichen growth forms?

Crustose, foliose, and fruticose.

What is crustose lichen?

Crusty and tightly attached to the substrate.

What is foliose lichen?

Leafy and flat.

What is fruticose lichen?

Shrubby or bushy and attached at one point.

What are rhizines?

Root-like structures that anchor lichens.

What is the main body of a lichen called?

Thallus.

What are apothecia?

Fruiting bodies that produce spores.

What are mycorrhizae?

Symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots.

What does the plant give the fungus?

Sugars/carbohydrates.

What does the fungus give the plant?

Nutrients such as phosphorus.

What is the “Wood Wide Web”?

A network of fungi and plants exchanging nutrients.