Articulations Joints - Chapter 9

Joint

A point of association between two bones

Arthrology

The study of joints

Rheumatology

The study of all joint diseases

What does joint disease affect

Daily activities

How many different forms of arthritis can humans have?

100

Treatment for joint disease

Pills, Injections, Physical Therapy, Surgery

What classification are joints classified as?

Structural and Functional

What is structural classification of joints

How they anatomically are put together

What is the functional classification of joints

How they work

Fibrous joints are what?

Fibrous tissues between bones containing no joint cavity.

Cartilaginous joints are what?

Hyaline or fibrocartilage between bones containing no joint cavity

Example of cartilaginous bones

Public, ribs connectivity to the sternum

Do fibrous and cartilaginous joints contain a joint cavity

No

Synovial Joints are what?

Joints filled with fluid surrounded by soft connective tissues.

Synovial fluid is known as what?

Synovial Fluid

Example of synovial joints

hip, knee, shoulder, elbow

Is the synovial joint the only joint to contain fluid

Yes

Non Synovial joints are what?

Fibrous and cartilaginous tissue

Synarthrosis Joints

Immovable joints

Example of synarthrosis joints

right and left parietal bone, sutures.

Amphiarthrosis joints

Slightly movable joints

Example of amphiarthrosis joints

Pubic bones come together, ribs attached to the sternum for movement

Diarthrosis Joints

Freely movable joints

Example of diarthrosis joints

synovial joints

Non-Diarthroosis Joints are what?

immovable or slightly movable

Fibrous + Snarthrosis joint

Immovable

Example of Fibrous + Snarthrosis joint

Suture

Cartilaginous + synarthrosis Joint

Immovable

cartilaginous + synarthrosis is known as

Synchondrosis Joint

Example of a cartilaginous + synarthrosis joint

1st rib of manbrium of sternum

Fibrous + Amphiarthrosis Joint

Slightly movable

Fibrous + Amphiarthrosis Joint is known as

Syndesmosis

Example of Fibrous + Amphiarthrosis Joint

Pubic symphysis, joints between the vertebral bodies.

Synovial + Diarthrosis joints

Fluid filled freely movable joint

Synovial +Diarthrosis joints are known as

Fluid filed freely movable joints that are weak, more flexible and less stable, and suseptable to dislocation

Luxation

Complete dislocation

Subluxation

Partial dislocation

Arthritis

Disease of joints

Example of the synovial diarthrosis joint location

PIPJ - Proximal interphalangeal joint 2nd finger, between two bones meeting together.

A space is known as

Joint Cavity

Cartilage of Joints

Articular and Hyaline

Articular Cartilage

Covers bones

Hyaline Cartilage

Smooth movement

What capsule surrounds a joint

Articular Capsule

Capsular Ligament

Outer layer of fibrous membrane

Ligament

Bone to bone connection

Where does a ligament surround

Outside of joints to make bone to bone

All ligaments consist of a what

Fibrous membrane

What is the responsibility of the capsular ligament

Keep bones aligned

Synovial Membrane

Inner layer of joints that produces fluid known as synovial fluid

Function of Synovial Fluid

Lubrication, nutrition distribution, shock absorption.

Synovial Fluid is also known as what?

Synovium

Synovial Fluid Looks like what

Clear raw egg yoke

Arthrocentesis

Removal of synovial fluid

Yellow Synovial fluid

Degenerative arthropathy

Yellow/Brown synovial fluid

Crystal Arthropathy

Brown Synovial Fluid

Arthirtis

Is synovial fluid antimicrable

yes

Function of Antimicrobial synovial fluid

Gets ride of pathogens, helps prevent joint infections

Larger joints are known as what

Additional Structures

Accessory ligaments do what?

Help to hold bones together by bands that run bone to bone

Inside a ligament is known as what

Intracapsular

Outside the ligament is known as what

Extracapsular

Main function of accessory liagments Joints

keep bones aligned

Anterior Cruciate Ligament is what kind of ligament

Intracapsular

Anterior Cruciate Ligament is known as the

ACL

What happens with a torn ACL

Less stable, thus the tibia tibia can sperate

Posterior cruciate ligament is what kind of ligament

Extracapsular Ligament

Posterior Cruciate Ligament is known as the what

PCL

Draw Test

Used to assess the integrity of the ACL and PCL after injury

Examples of Extracapsular Ligaments

Elbow, ulnar collateral ligament

Ulnar Collateral Ligament is what kind of ligament

Extracapsular

Menisci is also known as what

Articular Discs

What are menisci made of

Fibrocartilage

Where are menisci found

Inside of the joint cavity

Menisci absorption what amount of force

70-90%

Function of Menisci

Stabilize the knee and absorb shock

What happens without the mensici

Articular cartilage is exposed

Medial and Lateral Meniscus is found where

The knee

Bursae

Sac of synovial fluid located outside of joint, provides cushion and protection.

Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursae fluid sacs

Symptoms of Bursitis

Pain, discomfort, swelling, redness.

Bursitis locations

Shoulder, elbow, knee, hip, anywhere.

Treatment for Bursitis

Resting the area, wrapping, elevating, NSAID.

Arthroscopy

Minimally invasive surgery to see inside joint area

osteoarthritis

Inflammation of the bone and joint

What causes osteoarthritis

Articular cartilage is worn away creating uneven joint space affecting bone on bone contact.

What joints does osteoarthritis affect

Weight bearing joints and frequently used joints

Osteoarthritis is also known as what

Degenerative joint disease DJD

What age does osteoarthritis affect

45+

Chronic Osteoarthritis

deterioration of cartilage in a joint

Causes of osteoarthritis

Unknown, believed to be metabolic, chemical, genetic, mechanical factors

Symptoms of osteoarthritis

Loss of flexibility, loss of movement, pain, swelling in joint area.

Treatment for osteoarthritis

NSAIDs, steroid injections, surgery

Sprain

Partial tear through ligaments creating ligament damage and joint becomes unstable.

Tendons combine

muscle to bone

Ligaments combine

bone to bone

Synovial/Diarthrosis joints are classified by

Shape of articulating surfaces and type of movement allowed at the axis.

Nonaxial

Sliding not involved in any axis

Monaxial

1 directional movement around 1 axis