Laboratory Chemicals, Supplies, amd Equipment

What are the two components of a quantitative lab result

1. Actual value

2. Unit

• This was adopted internationally in 1960

• Is preferred in scientific literature and clinical laboratories

• Only system used in many countries

• Based on the metric system

Systeme International d’ Unites (SI)

What are the two common SI unit names used in Clinical Chemistry

1. Mililiter (mL)

2. Microliter (uL)

• This is an analytic chemical

• Reagents used for lab tests

• Labels on reagents state the actual impurities for each chemical lot or list the maximum allowable impurities

• Suitable for use in most clinical laboratories

• For quali and quanti analysis and is essential for accuracy

Analytic rreagent grade (AR)

The analytic reagent grade (AR) was established by the (blank)

American Chemical Society (ACS)

What are the two uses of analytic reagent grade (AR)

1. Trace metal analysis

2. Prep of standard solution

The prep of standard solution is used to compute for the amount of (blank)

Missing analyte

• This is an analytical chemical

• Causes no interferences or impurities

• Have been put through additional purification steps

Ultrapure Chemicals (UC)

Give examples of specific procedures where UC are used

Hint: CIA SM

1. Chromatography

2. Immunoassay

3. Atomic reabsorption

4. Standardization

5. Molecular diagnostics

• This is an analytical chemical

• These are reagents usedto manufacture drugs

• Limitation establishedfor this group of chemicals are based only on the criterion of not being injurious to individuals

• Approved for human consumption

• Pure enough to be used in most clinical procedures

• Purity standards are not based on the needs of the laboratory

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF)

• This is an analytic chemical

• Has purity by boiling and melting point

• Impurity limitations arenot stated

• Preparation isnot uniform

• Not recommended for clinical laboratories use this for reagent prep unless further purification or a reagent blank is included

Chemically Pure (CP)

If chemically pure (CP), an analytic chemical, is further purified, this could result to

Ultrapure (UP)

• This is an analytic chemical

• Used primarily in manufacturing

• Should never be used in the clinical lab

Technical or Commercial grade reagents

What are the 5 organic reagents

Hint: PCSCR

1. Practical grade

2. Chemically pure

3. Spectroscopic

4. Chromatographic

5. Reagent grade

This organic reagent has 99% purity

Chromatographic

This organic reagent is where impurities are established by the ACS

Reagent grade

What are the two reference materials

1. Primary standard

2. Secondary standard

• This is a reference material

• These are chemicals or substances that can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration and purity

• Has references from NIST

Primary standard

What does SRMs mean

Standard Referebce Materials

What does CRMs mean

Certified Reference Material

What does NIST mean

National Institute of Standards Technology

• This is a reference material

• Substancesof lower puritywith concentration determined by comparison with a primary standard

Secondary Standard

Why do we have water specifications

Because water is one of the most used reagents in the lab

What is the process of purifying water

1. Distillation

2. Deionization

3. Reverse osmosis

This results in distilled water

Distillation

The water purified here produces deionized water

Deionization

This is where it pumps water across a semipermeable membrane, produces RO water

Reverse osmosis

Which is the most effective water specification

Distillation

This is where the water is boiled and vapor is caugt

Distillation