levels of organisation

Chemical Level

The level consisting of atoms and molecules, which are the smallest units of matter.

Atoms

The smallest units of matter, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Molecules

Two or more atoms combined, for example, water (H2O) and glucose (C6H12O6).

Macromolecules

Large complex molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Cellular Level

The level at which cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism, are found.

Cells

Basic structural and functional units of an organism, including muscle cells, nerve cells, and epithelial cells.

Organelles

Functional structures within cells, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.

Tissue Level

The level consisting of groups of similar cells performing specific functions.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, and forms glands.

Connective Tissue

Supports, connects, and separates different types of tissues and organs in the body.

Muscle Tissue

Responsible for movement, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.

Nervous Tissue

Transmits electrical signals, found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Organ Level

Composed of two or more different tissues combined to perform specific functions.

Systems

Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.

Integumentary System

Includes skin, hair, and nails, responsible for protection and sensation.

Skeletal System

Composed of bones, provides support and movement.

Muscular System

Includes muscles, responsible for movement and heat production.

Nervous System

Includes brain, spinal cord, and nerves, responsible for control and communication.

Endocrine System

Glands that secrete hormones, regulating various functions.

Cardiovascular System

Includes heart and blood vessels, responsible for the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste.

Lymphatic System

Includes lymph nodes and vessels, responsible for immunity.

Respiratory System

Includes lungs, responsible for gas exchange.

Digestive System

Includes stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas, responsible for nutrient processing.

Urinary System

Includes kidneys and bladder, responsible for waste removal and fluid balance.

Reproductive System

Includes ovaries or testes, responsible for reproduction.

Organism Level

A complete individual capable of performing all essential life processes.

Nursing Implications

Understanding levels of organization is crucial for assessment, intervention, and patient education in nursing.

Explain how cells form tissues.

Similar cells with a common function group together to form tissues. For example, muscle cells form muscle tissue.