Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Graves’ disease

Autoimmune disease causing hyperthyroidism

Pathophysiology of Graves’ disease

Autoantibodies stimulate the TSH receptor

HLA association in Graves’ disease

Associated with HLA-DR3

Graves’ disease prevalence

Most common autoimmune disease

Thyroid status in Graves’

Hyperthyroidism

Goiter in Graves’

Soft, diffuse goiter

Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis

Nervousness, restlessness, fatigue, and insomnia

Cardiac symptoms of Graves’

Palpitations and heart dysrhythmias

Metabolic symptoms of Graves’

Weight loss and heat intolerance

Autoantibodies in Graves’

Anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-TSH receptor antibodies

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Autoimmune disease causing hypothyroidism

HLA association in Hashimoto’s

Associated with HLA-DR3, DR4, DR5, and DQw7

Thyroid status in Hashimoto’s

Hypothyroidism

Goiter in Hashimoto’s

Rubbery, enlarged thyroid gland

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

Weight gain, dry skin, and fatigue

Facial features in Hashimoto’s

Puffy face and pallor

Hair changes in Hashimoto’s

Dry and brittle hair

Primary antibody in Hashimoto’s

Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

Prevalence of anti-thyroglobulin

Present in approximately 90% of patients

Thyroid histology in Hashimoto’s

Hyperplasia with infiltration of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and plasma cells