BIO 240 Exam 1 (not in Quiz 1 or 2)

All bacteria have a spore (endospore) T/F

False

Spores produced by two medically significant Genera:

Bacillus and Clostridium

Endospore formation occurs after cell has grown for some time as a ____ cell

vegetative

Endospores remain __ ___ until environmental conditions improve to allow organism to grow again.

metabolically dormant

What two conditions cause cells with spores to stop growing?

Run out of nutrients and build up of wastes

Spore is mostly unaffected by:

antiseptics/disinfectants
heat
radiation
drying
stains
time

What two main methods exist to destroy an endospore?

autoclave and discontinuous sterilization

Autoclaves use a combination of __ and __

heat; pressure

What is thought to protect the bacterial DNA during extreme external conditions in the spore coat?

dipicolinic acid

What is the first stage of sporulation and germination?

vegatative

What is the second stage of sporulation and germination?

sporulation

What is the third stage of sporulation and germination?

spore

What is the fourth stage of sporulation and germination?

germination

What is the fifth stage of sporulation and germination?

Return to vegetative

What is one disease associated with a Bacillus (genus) organism?

anthrax

Bacteria reproduce by:

binary fission

Following division, the amount of time it takes until new cells will divide again is ____

Generation time or doubling time

What are some factors that could interrupt binary fission?

lack of space
lack of nutrients
build up of wastes

Name the phases (in order) of the Bacterial Growth Curve.

lag phase
log phase
stationary phase
death phase

What is the second stage of the Bacterial Growth Curve?

log phase

What is the first stage of the Bacterial Growth Curve?

lag phase

What is the fourth stage of the Bacterial Growth Curve?

death phase

What is the third phase of the Bacterial Growth Curve?

stationary phase

Symptoms of a disease appear in what stage?

log phase

What stage are ATBs most effective?

log phase

What stage are antiseptics/disinfectants most effective?

log phase

What stage do nutrients begin to deplete and wastes begin to build up?

stationary phase

What stage do diseases begin to resolve?

death stage

Some cells may live longer is they:

form a spore
possess flagella