Polysaccharides

Homopolysaccharide

Chain of the same monosaccharide

Heteropolysaccharide

Chain of different monosaccharides

Branched

Not linear, branches off of the anomeric carbon

Unbranched

Linear

Glyocgen

Branched (alpha 1-4 link with alpha 1-6)

Branches very 8-12 residues

Starch (Amylose)

Unbranched, alpha 1-4 links

Starch (Amylopectin)

Branched, (alpha 1-4 with alpha 1-6 link)

Branches every 24-30 residues

Cellulose

Linear/ Unbranched homopolysaccharides

similar to amylose

beta 1-4 links (undugestable)

hydrogen bonds

rigid and flexible (structure for plants)

Chitin

Linear/unbranched, homopolysaccharides of NAGs

rigid (arthropod shells)

NAGs

glucose with amine and acetylation

Agar

heteropolysaccharides of galactose units

extracted from seaweed

forms gels that are used as a surface for growing bacteria

Agarose

compontent of agar (heated then cooked to gel form)

used for DNA separation by electrophoresis

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Unbranched repeating disaccharide units

Neg charge = good lubricant

important for extracellular matrix (keeps tissues together in meshwork)

GAGs

Hyaluronate, Chondroitin, Heparin

Glycoproteins

Sugars on proteins

O linked or N linked

O linked

sugar attached to oxygen on protein with OH

Ser, Thr

N linked

sugar attached to nitrogen protein with amide

Asn

Glycolipids

Attaching to sugars to lipids

creates ABO blood types

Proteoglycans

On surface of cell

type of glycoprotein (GAGs linked through Ser)

can be trans membrane of on the surface, contributes to cell processes (anchors, signaling, adhesion)

Carb Mediated Binding

Recognition allowed by sugars (blood type, cells, immune, virus)