General Physics 1 Practice Flashcards

A comprehensive set of 50 flashcards covering the fundamentals of Physics, Kinematics, Newton's Laws, Force, Work, and Energy as discussed in the lecture transcript.

According to the transcript, what is the definition of Physics?

Physics is the study of matter and energy and their relationship.

What are the two basic constituents of the natural world that the entire universe is made of?

Matter and energy.

Into which two main branches is Physics divided?

Classical and Modern Physics.

What does Classical Physics refer to?

Traditional topics and branches developed before the 20th century concerned with matter and energy on the normal scale of observation.

Name the five sub-branches of Classical Physics listed in the notes.

Mechanics, Acoustics, Optics, Thermodynamics, and Electromagnetism.

What is Modern Physics primarily concerned with?

The behavior of matter and energy under extreme conditions since the beginning of the 20th century.

What is the specific focus of General Physics 1 as mentioned in the lecture?

Kinematics.

What is the definition of Kinematics?

A branch of Classical Mechanics that deals with geometrically possible motion of a body or system of bodies without considering the forces involved.

Name five concepts categorized under Kinematics in the transcript.

Energy, force, motion, work, power, momentum, and collision.

How is Motion defined in the transcript?

The change in position of an object with respect to time.

What two pieces of information are required to describe the motion of an object completely?

Magnitude (how far or how fast) and direction.

What are Scalar quantities?

Quantities that have magnitude only.

List the six examples of scalar quantities provided in the notes.

Energy, length, mass, speed, temperature, and time.

What are Vector quantities?

Quantities that have both magnitude and direction.

List the five examples of vector quantities provided in the notes.

Displacement, force, velocity, acceleration, and momentum.

Which five mathematical terms are used to describe motion?

Distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration.

How is Distance defined in scalar terms?

It refers to "how much ground an object has covered" during its motion.

What is the definition of Displacement?

A vector quantity that refers to "how far out of place an object is" or the overall change in position.

How is Speed defined in scalar terms?

The rate at which an object covers distance.

What are the common units for speed mentioned in the transcript?

Units include $\text{m/s}$, $\text{km/hr}$, $\text{ft/s}$, and $\text{mi/hr}$.

What is the general formula for speed provided in the notes?

$$v = \frac{d}{t}$$

What is the definition of Constant speed?

Denotes that all motion of a body remains the same or does not change at all throughout the course of motion.

How is Average speed calculated?

Distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed in traveling that distance.

What is the definition of Velocity?

A vector quantity that refers to the rate of motion in a given direction.

What is the fundamental difference between speed and velocity?

Speed has magnitude only, while velocity is speed associated with a direction.

What is Acceleration?

The rate of change of velocity per unit time.

What is the unit of measure for Acceleration?

$$\text{meter per second squared}\,(\text{m/s}^2)$$

What state of motion is described by Positive acceleration?

A body is moving with increasing speed.

What is Negative acceleration also known as?

Deceleration.

What is Zero acceleration?

A body moving at a constant speed.

What is an example of Uniform acceleration mentioned in the text?

The case of a freely falling body.

What is Newton’s First Law of Motion also called?

Law of Inertia.

State Newton’s First Law of Motion.

A body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity along a straight line unless acted on by a net external force.

What is the Law of Acceleration?

Newton’s Second Law of Motion; the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass.

What is the common name for Newton’s Third Law of Motion?

Law of Interaction or Action-Reaction Law.

Describe the Law of Interaction.

When two bodies interact, the forces they exert on one another are equal in magnitude and opposite in directions.

How is Force described in the transcript?

A push or pull acting upon an object as a result of its interaction with another object.

What are the two types of Force mentioned, and which one is the focus of the course?

Contact force and non-contact force; the course focuses on contact forces.

List the six types of contact force named in the transcript.

Push or Pull, Tension, Compressive Force, Weight, Friction, and Normal force (implied contexts) [Note: transcript specifically lists Push/Pull, Tension, Compressive Force, Weight, Friction].

What is Tension?

A force exerted upward every time an object is being suspended, often associated with a cable or rope.

How is Weight mathematically calculated on Earth according to the text?

$W = mg$, where $g$ is the constant $9.81\,\text{m/s}^2$.

What is Friction?

A contact force existing every time there is a physical interaction between two bodies in contact.

What is the basic unit of Force?

$\text{Newtons}\,(N)$ or $\text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s}^2$.

How is Work defined in physics?

The product of force and displacement; it is done when an applied force moves an object.

What are the three conditions for work to be considered?

(1) Force must be exerted, (2) the object must move in the direction of the force, and (3) force and distance must be parallel.

When is the work done on an object considered negative?

When the force acting on an object is opposite to the displacement (e.g., lowering a box).

What is Power and its units?

The rate of doing work, expressed in $\text{Watts}\,(W)$ or $\text{Joules per second}\,(J/s)$.

Define Kinetic Energy (KE).

Energy possessed by an object due to its motion.

What is Momentum?

The product of mass and velocity; a measure of a body's tendency to continue in motion along a straight path.

What distinguishes an Elastic Collision from an Inelastic Collision?

In an Elastic Collision, kinetic energy is conserved; in an Inelastic Collision, kinetic energy is not conserved and changes to other forms.