Culture and Ethnicity; Spiritual Health

culture

group of people; set of beliefs, values, and customs passed down from generation to another; shared experiences provide a sense of identification and belongingness to the members of the group

learned, dynamic, diverse, ethnocentric, observable

characteristics of culture (5)

ethnocentric

viewing one’s own culture as the only correct standard by which to view people of other cultures

rituals

expressions of culture

race

dividing people into populations or groups of various sets of physical characteristics

racism

belief that some races are inherently superior (physically, intellectually, or culturally) to others and therefore have a right dominate

stereotyping

to develop a fixed idea about a person or group; Robinson calls this an inhibiting factor of cultural competence

self reflection and research

this can help us become more culturally competent nurses

beliefs, biases, prejudices

self reflection is required to identify personal ______, _______, and ________

transcultural nursing

a humanistic and scientific area of nursing study and practice that focuses on how patterns of behavior in health, illness, and caring are influenced by the values and beliefs of a specific population

culturally competent nursing

delivery of care that is culturally appropriate and prevents unnecessary conflicts between clients and providers from cultural backgrounds

experiential learning

“learning from experience"'; process through which the student develops skills, values, and knowledge from direct learning experiences outside a traditional academic setting

ethnicity

a sense of identification with a collective cultural group, largely based on the group’s common heritage

birth or adoption of characteristics of that group

one belongs to a specific ethnic group or groups either through….. or….

behavior patterns, language, food preferences, religious practices, political interests

what are some things that people in ethnic groups share? (5)

group dynamics/gender roles, disease susceptibility, food and nutrition, spiritual and religious need, reactions to pain, orientation to space and time (personal space), socioeconomic factors, personal care patterns, folk and traditional healthcare

since we can’t learn about every culture we must recognize things that can be influenced by culture. what are the main 9?

personal space

area around a person regarded as part of the person. Individualized for each person and for each culture

bathing, perfumes, and deoderant use

what are personal care patterns? list 3 things

spend time with your patient and convey a genuine desire to learn about their culture, values, and beliefs; ask anything you don’t understand; show respect for your patient and their support system; assess need for interpreter; assess dietary needs/restrictions

How can we convey cultural sensitivity to our patients? (5)

gestures

what to never use when communicating with a patient

spirituality

provides a sense of wholeness and harmony

religion

organized way of demonstrating spirituality; faith oriented; beliefs, rituals, practices; subcategory of spirituality

faith

a confident belief in something for which there is no proof or material evidence

faith

this usually involves a person, idea, or thing, and is usually followed by action related to ideals or values of that belief

atheist

person who denies the existence of a higher power; belief in no God

agnostic

one who holds that nothing can be known about the existence of a higher power

spirituality

this is individual, explores the meaning in life, promotes nurturing relationships with others, and recognizes connectedness to something larger than self

newborn/infant

what part of development is trust the basis for faith development?

toddler/preschooler

what part of development is there a differentiation of self from others, development of consciousness and memory, and intuitively have a deeper sense of existence?

school age/adolescent child

what part of development do they value group belonging and acceptance, are sensitive to good and bad, and have a continual ability for abstract thinking?

young adults

what part of development are they separate from peer group, clarify personal boundaries, and make commitments?

adults and middle adults

what part of development is there a lot of spiritual growth and broader world view?

older adults

what part of development is there concern regarding the extremes?

1. developmental considerations

2. family

3. ethnic background

4. formal religion

5. life events

what 5 things affect spirituality?

True

True or False: actions speak louder than words in familiar spiritual education

• become familiar with various spiritual and religious traditions

• offer spiritual support through referral to religious professional and counselors

• assess importance to each patient

• ask questions to gain understanding

• value religious practices of others

• listen and support

• provide age appropriate interventions

• include religious professionals in healthcare

Spiritual Health Promotion in Nursing (8)

subjective

is this subjective or objective data:

• from where do you draw spiritual support?

• tell me about spiritual or religious beliefs that are important to you

• do you have a spiritual person that I can notify?

• may I assist in arranging a visit?

objective

is this subjective or objective data:

• observe client’s general appearance, facial expressions, crying, body posture, etc.

• obtain a spiritual history

• listening to patient’s hopes, fears, pain, and dreams

• incorporate spiritual practices as appropriate

• referral

• maintain respect for patient and family/support systems

what are some nursing interventions for altered spiritual function? (5)

True

True or False: work with patient about any religious items/jewelry; might need a head of family or religious leader present to remove